312 , QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Ocr., 1898. 
postponed ; the reader being meanwhile referred to Saceardo’s work, cited in 
the. foot-note on p. 811. It may be remarked, however, that, with the 
exception of (d) and (e), that both occur on rotten or dried-up foliage, they 
are all associated with the leaf-spots already described; also that (c), (d), and 
(e) appear as minute black points upon already dead leaf-tissue. 
But it may be further added, also, that the reference of so many differently 
nanied fungi to one parasite, originally made by L. and C. R. Tulasne, and since 
adopted by the majority of subsequent writers, on the subject of Strawberry Leaf 
Blight, has not—as has been remarked by Dr. P. Sorauer [(5), p- 367]—been made 
to rest on experimental evidence, but on “‘gemeinsame vorkommen,” and, indeed, as 
Dr. A. B. Frank affirms—in the last edition of his “ Pilz-parasitiiren ” [(27), p. 312|— 
more exact inquiry is required to establish the connection between the different 
forms. Lawson Scribner has, however, ‘‘asserted his belief, based on direct 
observation, in the correctness of Tulasne’s view” [(6), p. 333]. , 
Meanwhile, however, W. R. Dudley (formerly Assistant Professor of Cryptogamic 
Botany at the Cornell University) has given us partially confirmatory evidence, 
tending to show the connection between the summer conidia-bearing form 
(Ramularia Tulasnei, Sace.) and the winter resting-spore condition (Spherella 
Jragarie, Sace.)  Perithecia (the fruiting organs of Spherella) “ were found 
with mature asci in April; and on placing an ascus in a _hanging-drop 
the spores were observed to germinate in about six hours within the ascus. 
The germ-tube developed from one end of the spore, passing, in case of four 
of the spores, to the énd of the ascus, perforating it; whilst the germ-tubes from the 
remaining four perforated the opposite end. The mycelium formed by these germ- 
tubes was larger than that from the conidia (of Ramularia), grew more vigorously, 
soon producing—at the surface of the culture-drop—conidia like those already described 
and figured as the summer conidia” [(9), pp, 178-9]. 
Dr. P. Voglino, as the outcome of experiment, has obtained even further results 
of -a confirmatory nature.. These, as recorded in the Italian journal, J/ Coltivatore, 
for 1894, are as follows:—By sowing the reprcductive bodies of the Ramularia in 
water he obtained three successive generations of conidia; and on sowing conidia of 
the first generation upon strawberry leaves, he not only obtained a further crop of 
these summer spores, but also a fungus organism having the characteristics of 
Ascochyta fragarie—in possessing conceptacles or pycnidia containing spores, 12-17 
microm. in length, which were found in turn to germinate at a temperature of from 
10 degrees to 12 degrees C. He also obtained, in a similar manner, minute rounded 
corpuscles just beneath the upper surface of the leaf that contained spermatia, that, 
on being sown in water with which had been mixed an infusion of strawberry leaves, 
sprouted after two days, and on being in turn placed upon a leaf of this plant —already 
dry, but free from disease—gave rise (after twenty days) to an organism having all 
the characters of Spherella fragaria, being possessed with a perithecium containing 
asco-spores [¢f. (24), “ La ruggine delle fragole,” separate, pp. 13-14]. 
a TREATMENT. 
The Strawberry Leaf Blight having its location within the tissue of the 
foliage, it is obvious that “spots” that have once appeared upon the leaves 
cannot be removed by any direct cnrative process ; nor can the parasite itself 
that is associated with and has occasioned them be destroyed without their being 
killed also. Efforts in coping with it, therefore, must perforce be in the 
direction, of preventive treatment. The measures coming within this defini- 
tion, that are recommended for adoption, are as follows :— 
1. Those who contemplate establishing a plot of strawberries with plants 
procured from outside sources should especially require, from those furnishing 
them, that they be entirely free from Leaf Blight or Spot. : 
2. Should, however, the plants, on arrival, manifest affected foliage, thiy 
should be removed prior to their being taken to the field, all dead leaves being, 
at the same time, trimmed off, and the refuse thus obtained should, moreover, 
be promptly burned; and the plants thus prepared should, moreover, be dipped 
in one of the fungicidal washes subsequently described. 
3. Strawberry-growers should also endeavour to provide, by selection and 
weeding out of diseased plants (or even by removing affected leaves when the 
disease is but little in evidence), a clean stock for the purpose of starting 
from time to time new beds. : 
