382 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Nov., 1898. 
8. Careful disinfection, under supervision, of all the stalls and mangers 
and sheds used as cattle shelters. The best disinfectant for woodwork is one 
in 1,000 watery solution of bichloride of mercury. It should be prepared and 
kept in an earthenware vessel, and applied hot with a small woollen mop. 
Every part of the woodwork of the interior should be thoroughly washed, 
especially the wooden partitions, mangers, hay-racks, &c. After an interval of 
a few days, the disinfecting process should be repeated, and then whitewash all 
the inside of the buildings. The whitewash should not be made too thick, and 
should contain 1 Ib. of chloride of lime to every five gallons of water. 
9. No consumptive person should be allowed to work amongst the cattle or 
prepare their food. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
In my opinion it is extremely injudicious to breed from very young or 
very old cows, or too frequently from the same animal, more especially if in 
the latter case the animal is a heavy milk-yielder. The nourishment which 
should restore the maternal vigour is diverted to the development of the foetal 
calf and to the making of milk. If used for breeding too young, the mother’s 
growth is stinted, and the offspring is apt to be weak and puny; if bred too 
late, the constitution suffers from the strain. All such animals are probably 
more susceptible than if bred with more care. 
A most important fact worthy of the most erucial consideration by every 
dairy farmer is that the modern dairy cow is a highly artificial animal. She 
can only be compared toa machine for the conversion of raw material—fodder 
—into the finished product-milk. A skilful and intelligent engineer only 
works his machire to the full extent of safe production ; and why should not 
the dairy cow be similarly handled, and an undiminished strength of constitution 
made the measure of her production? During my travels in the various 
districts of Queensland, I occasionally come across the better types of modern 
dairy cow, which are striking examples of ability, energy, and intelligence on 
lines of breeding, feeding, and milk yield, and which are by no means to be 
abandoned; but I specially argue for a due regard for the danger which 
attends high production, for healthy surroundings and vigorous ancestry, and 
last, but not least, for a watchful and intelligent care to weed out and keep out 
disease. 
From many years’ close scientific observation, I feel confident in saying 
that the valuable qualities of our dairy cows may thus be preserved and trans- 
mitted, uncontaminated, to future generations. In order to accomplish all 
this, it will be absolutely necessary to make periodical, systematic, and careful 
applications of the tuberculin test. 
Brief Description on the Use of Tuberculin. 
The injection of tuberculin in recognised standard quantities is always 
innocuous; performed on milking cows, it in no way affects either the quantity 
or quality of the milk produced, and it in no way interferes with gestation, 
even in animals about to calve. The usual practice in applying tuberculin as 
a means of diagonising tuberculosis in cattle is, first of all, to determine the 
normal temperature of the animal, which is done by the use of the clinical 
thermometer. For ordinary purposes, tuberculin is employed diluted to the 
extent of one-tenth in carbolised water—5 per 1,000. The best plan is to 
inject at one time beneath the skin behind the shoulder 3 to 4 cubic centi- 
metres of the dilution (8 cubie centimetres for cows of medium size, 84 for 
large cows, and 4 for bulls and high-class animals), The temperature of the 
animal must be taken before the injection, which, in general practice, itis usually 
desirable to make about 6 p.m. ‘The temperature of the suspected animal is 
taken next morning at 6 o’clock, then at 9 a.m., 12 noon, 3 p.m., and the last 
one at 6p.m. The diagnostic reaction is measured by the difference between 
the initial normal temperature, which is about 101°5 degrees Fahr., and the 
