314 APPENDIX. 
petals, foe or five, linear, flexuous, valvate, coherent at the base, and u 
with the cylindrical staminal ees anthers, eight or ten, shortly exverted§ ¢ 
ian nesetiles one- to five- peilede 4 two- to five- vale seeds ieee siiiete 
with a broad hilum and large cotyledons. 
Orper 8. OLACINEA. = 
Shrubs or trees.. Leaves usually alternate, exstipulate. Flowers perfect or 
unisexual, regular: calyx four- or five-toothed or lobed ; petals, four or five, 1 ree 
or tubular at he base; stamens, four to twelve, hypoayaons: or at the base of a. 
disc ; ovary one- to feeacolied or imperfectly thiees to five-celled ; stigma ofter iy. 
fveeks ovules, one to five, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit, a Avene: one-celled, 
one-seeded ; seed with copious endosperm. 
GENUS I. PENNANTIA, Forster. 
Shrubs or trees. Flowers dicecious: calyx minute, five-toothed ; petals 
valvate ; stamens, five, hypogynous; filaments Hexuous in the male flower, with © 
versatile anthers—in the female, erect with abortive basifixed anthers; ovary 
oblong, faintly trigonous; stigma sessile, three-lobed; ovule, one, pendutots 
below the top of the cell. Fas a small foay drupe; stone trigonous, with a 
vertical groove on one face and an aperture at the apex, a flat cord fits into the \ 
eTOOVe nd enters the cell by the aperture, the seed being suspended from the 
apex of the cord. 
OrDER 9. RHAMNE. 
Shrubs or trees, sometimes with spinous branches. Leaves usually alter- 
nate, with small stipules. Flowers perfect or unisexual: calyx four- or five- 
toothed, or lobed, valvate ; disc hypogynous or epigynous; petals absent, or four 
or five, minute, inserted at the edge of the disc ; stamens, four or five, opposite 
to and iaseated with the petals; ovary superior or inferior, three-, two-, or four- 
celled; cells one- or two-ovuled. Fruit, a capsule or drupe. . 
Thie order includes the buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus) formerly used in 
medicine, and the bark of which affords a yellow dye. Rhamnus Frangula 
affords the best charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder. [ 
GreNuSs 1. Pomaperris, Labill. 
Shrubs often clothed with stellate pubescence. Flowers small, in umbellate 
cymes: calyx tubular, five-lobed, adnate with the ovary ; petals, five or none: , 
stamens, five, plametits longer than the petals; disc epigynous; ovary inferior ; 
capsule three-valved, meecine three cocci, 
Genus 2. Discarta, Hook. 
Spinous shrubs or small trees, glabrous, rigid, tortuous; branches articulate - 
at the nodes. Flowers axillary: eabink aieeibianoue lobes, fouls or five, recurved ; ; 
disc adnate with the base of the calyx; petals, none, or four or five; stamens, 
four or five; ovary free, or sunk in the tube of the calyx, thine Ate eel Fruit, 
capsular, or three Aaiieaeen COccl. 
Orver 10. SAPINDACEA, 
Shrubs or trees erect or scandent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flon ve 
apetalous, unisexual or perfect: calyx of three to five sepals, een or 
valvate; disc fleshy, sometimes wanting; stamens, five to twelve, filaments 
elongating, hypogynous or inserted with the disc; ovary superior, lobed, one to 
