A GLOSSARY 
OF THE 
BOTANICAL TERMS USED IN THIS WORK. 
Achene. A small, hard, dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit. 
Acuminate. Applied to a leaf suddenly narrowed at the top and then prolonged 
into a point. 
Adherent. See Adnate. 
Adnate. Applied to the union of organs of different kinds, as of the ovary with 
the calyx. 
Alternate. One after another; applied to leaves when placed singly instead of 
in pairs; also to stamens when alternating with petals instead of standing 
before them. 
Anatropous. Inverted; applied to ovules. 
Anther. he pollen-bearing part of a stamen. 
Apiculate. Ending in a small point. 
Apiculus. A-short-pointed tip. 
Appressed. Applied to objects closely pressed to each other for their entire 
length, as hairs against the back of leaves, leaves against the stem, &c. 
Anillate. Applied to seeds having an arillus. 
Anillus. A membranous pulpy or fleshy appendage growing from the funicle and 
enclosing the whole or a portion of a seed. 
Axi. The angle between the stem and leaf or other organ. 
Axile. Belonging to the axis; applied to placentation when the ovules are 
attached to the axis of an ovary with two or more cells. 
Axillary. Growing in the axil. 
Berry. A fruit in which the whole pericarp is fleshy or pulpy, except the outer 
skin or rind. 
Bract. One of the upper leaves of a plant in flower when differing from the 
stem-leaf in size, shape, colour, or arrangement. 
Calyx. The outer series of floral leaves. 
Campanulate. Bell-shaped. 
Capitate. Head-shaped or collected into a head. 
Capsule. A dry fruit-vessel of two or more cells splitting along regular lines. 
‘Carpel. A pistil or a complete portion of a compound pistil, whether separable 
or not. 
Cathkin. A flower-spike of unisexual flowers destitute of perianths. 
Cinereous. Of an ash-grey colour. 
Ciliated. ordered with thick hairs or fine hair-like teeth. 
Cladode. A branch modified to resemble a leaf and discharge its function. 
