1 Jury, 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 97 
There are other remedies which can be used to keep animals from girdling 
trees. Take soap, the dirtier and stronger the better, and make some very 
strong suds. Dissolve }-lb. of whale-oil soap in every 6 gallons of the suds, 
and stir it in with a brush. Continue stirring until the compound is as 
thick as good whitewash, and with this mixture wash the trees as high as 
required. Keep the mixture handy, and repeat the operation as often as 
necessary. his is a very good application for ensuring the health of the tree, 
for keeping the bark smooth and fine, and for killing any insects that may come 
in contact with it. Another good wash is made of air-slacked lime and soft 
soap brought to the consistence of common paste, with ordinary flour paste 
added to make it adhere. 
WATER AT THE TAPROOT. 
Tue Californian Fruitgrower mentions, as a novel method of getting water 
to the taproots of orange-trees when the supply of irrigation water is limited, 
the boring of two holes, ata distance of 3 feet from the trunk, with a 6- 
inch post auger, and allowing them to fill with water when irrigating, thus 
placing the water where it is most required—at the taproot of the trees. 
[We have long advocated such a process, with the difference that we 
adopted a plan of sinking inverted beer bottles with the boss knocked out of the 
bottom, instead of a hole which is liable to silt up.—Ed. Q.A.J.] 
MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SHOWS. 
Tire success of agricultural shows depends very largely upon the secretary. If 
he is a good, up-to-date energetic man, and popular withal, his committee will find 
that their duties will rest very lightly upon them. They will receive valuable 
assistance and advice from a smart secretary, whilst he carries out their mstruc- 
tions to the letter, and he will generally canvass his district for exhibits, 
subscriptions, &c. An American show secretary considers that the success of 
agricultural shows is largely dependent upon the following circumstances :— 
(1.) A board of officers and directors with the one idea of harmonious 
action in advancing the interests of the fair [sic]. 
(2.) A secretary alive to the interests of the society, courteous, 
obliging, and his work always in hand, and ever at his post. 
(3.) A general superintendent, who has all his work ready, grounds and 
buildings tidy and neat, all caretakers and watchers at their posts, 
and the work of the society going on like clockwork. 
(4.) Expert judges. 
(5.) A prize-list Cae in every detail, and up to present needs. 
(6.) No member of the board or superintendent of classes in any way to 
communicate with the judges, unless applied to by the judges for 
information. 
(7.) No favourites, but all treated alike, and in accordance with the 
rules and regulations. 
(8.) If attractions and entertainments permitted, the utmost care to be 
exercised. 
SUGAR IN THE PHILIPPINES. 
From the description of sugar manufacture in the province of Pampanga 
sent to an American journal by a resident in Manila, it would appear that the 
methods there in use are as antiquated as those adopted in the very earliest 
days of sugar-growing by the South Queensland farmers, 
The cane is crushed in rude mills of wood, stone, or iron. In the province 
of Pampanga, where this industry is more adyanced, the juice is placed in the 
first boiler, and a little lime is added. The juice is then heated and skimmed ; 
it then goes to the second boilers, and more lime is added from time to time; it 
is here exposed to a great heat, and a scum arises continually. The man in 
