1 Avea., 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 203 
dishes of milk kept in bedrooms—in fact, under the beds in which the people 
sleep ; but the establishment of a creamery has put an end to most of that sort 
of thing in our district. The dairyman sends his milk away every morning, but 
still the creamery does not take the milk on Sundays, and it often goes into the 
bedrooms on that day. Down there you see bulls going about in the bush from 
5 to 10 years old, and of course this has a deteriorating effect on the herds, for 
many people there let their cows go outside of their own property. In the 
matter of separated v. skimmed milk, Mr. Williamson advocated each farmer 
haying a separator of his own, but the factories themselves are against these 
private separators, preferring that the farmers should sell their milk to the 
creameries. This results in an eyener grade of cream, but it prevents the 
farmers from getting their skimmed milk back sweet, and so about Pialba it is 
served out sour and thick For Sundays, a little is saved over from Satur- 
day. Calves that are fed on skimmed milk should never get water. Although 
not a pigbreeder on a large scale, I often have about 100 in the yard, and 
for a market I always dispose of my pigs to butchers or private people in Mary- 
borough in the form of dressed meat. In large districts the disposal of the pigs 
by auction on the co-operative principle may work satisfactorily, but I can 
ones get 3d. per lb for mine in the manner indicated. : 
Mr. J. E. Leask (Bundaberg) : There may be a few stringent clauses in 
the Bill referred to by Mr. Rogers, but at the same time the authorities are 
not likely to go to extremities in enforcing it. That there isa great deal of 
filthiness in connection with many of our dairies can be amply proved, and I 
have frequent evidence of it myself from the managers of our various 
ereameries. ‘These gentlemen haye frequently told me that it is not an unusual 
thing, when emptying the cans of milk into the vat, to discover drowned rats in 
the milk, as well as all manner of other unclean things. Why it is that our 
butter at times is not up to first-class requirements is very easily summed up, 
for with unclean milk it is quite impossible to make first-class butter. As for 
farmers who run small separators, it is quite impossible to get a uniform grade 
of cream from them, and in fact the test runs from 25 to 56 per cent. With 
such variations it is almost impossible to make a high-grade butter. During 
the early part of this year the Bundaberg factory was making more butter 
than it could sell, and the consequence was that a considerable quantity had to ~ 
be exported to England. The manager of the factory, Mr. Gibson, was very 
careful in selecting the best cream from the best centres, and having it specially 
churned. ‘T'welve tons were exported, and when the returns came to hand it 
was found that the Bundaberg butter had got the highest price then ruling for 
colonial butter in London, and this was in competition with New South Wales 
and Victorian butter. The highest price then ruling for colonial butter was 
88s. per ewt., and I think that the careful supervision and inspection of dairies 
would result in an even grade of cream which would produce ‘a butter in 
Queensland equal to any made in any other part of Australia. I, for one, am 
much in fayour of something being done to remedy the present careless and 
dirty methods of some of our dairymen. 
Mr. A. C. Wanker (Knockroe) asked whether it was possible to rear a 
calf exclusively on separated milk ? 
Mr. W. Dunn (Beenleigh) stated that he did not believe in rearing too 
large litters of pigs, and although he pissed the Berkshire breed, was not 
altogether in favour of using pure-bred animals, A cross-bred sow and pure 
Berkshire boar would generally give the best results, and also probably do away 
with the danger of over-fattening which some of the speakers had mentioned, 
Mr. E. N. Rogers (Rockhampton) : My paper evidently has been largely 
misunderstood by many of the delegates present, who seem to think that it was 
written with the object of opposing inspection or an Act of any sort, although 
nothing of the kind was intended. I believe inspection is necessary as well as 
Peete I pointed out that local control had failed, and that some sort of 
central control was needed. I merely said it was proposed legislation I was 
dealing with, to which the Government were not committed, and. J avoided giving 
