310 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Supr., 1899. 
HOW TO DEAL WITH A DISEASED HERD. 
When tuberculosis is discovered in a herd, immediately remove the diseased 
ones from the healthy to another isolated stable, or a part of the byre may be 
partitioned off by close boards as far as possible from the rest of the herd. 
In the case of low-priced cattle the owner will best serve his own interests 
by slaughtering them at once. ; 
When they are specially valuable and in ealf, the experiments of Professor - 
Bang and others show that the calf may be saved by removing it as soon as 
born, and before the cow has licked it, or it has been suckled by its diseased 
mother; and by placing it in an uninfected building, and feeding it on milk from 
tested cows, it will in all probability grow up free from tuberculosis, although, 
as previously explained, it may have a predisposition to contract the disease. 
The herd should be tested every six months, and those which react likewise 
removed, till all trace of it disappears. 
General Notes. 
INDIAN SUGAR AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES, 
On this subject, the London Produce Markets Review says:—lt (i.e., the 
imposition of the duty) would do no good to Indian producers. Its sole effect 
would be to raise the price of German granulated to the Indian consumer to the 
extent of 1s. 3d. to 1s. 6d. per ewt. It is doubtful whether this would do ani 
good, even to Mauritius, which is suffering really because its sugar, thoug 
always fine in quality, and now better made, has till recently been poorly 
prepared, according to modern ideas, in large crystals of a greyish yellow, while 
granulated is small and snow white. As regards the Indian producer, to the 
best of our belief there is not at present a single modern sugar factory where 
good crystals are made direct from the cane. There are, we believe, a few 
refineries where crystals are made from raw sugar, but secondary and inferior 
processes cannot compete with German granulated. It is by no means probable, 
therefore, that the proposed countervailing duties will shut German sugar out of 
India. On the other hand, the effect will no doubt be to encourage, to however 
small extent, the continuance in India itself of the present terribly inefticient 
methods of manufacture. Literally, millions—probably over 3,000,000— of tons 
sugar are made in the Indian Empire every year, in the form of goor, jaggery, 
and the like, which are more like mud than sugar. India is believed to be the 
native home of the sugar-cane, and within its vast limits, and with the great 
varieties of climate which the peninsula possesses, the cane is said to ripen all 
the year round. Labour is cheaper than in any other part of the world, 
machinery and European supervision are easily obtained, and in Bengal there is 
plenty) of coal. Instead of taking alarm at trifling European imports, which 
ave only to some extent taken the place of what have been received from 
Mauritius for years, the Indian Government would do better to set up a few 
model sugar factories to show what can be done on European methods in India 
itself. German granulated fetches quite double the price of native sugar, and 
a tax of, say, 1 rupee per cwt. cannot affect it much. Itis surely more important 
to try and get a better price at home by improving the 3,000,000 tons produced than 
to vainly attempt to shut out the paltry quantity of some 60,000 or even 100,000 | 
tons of German granulated, and at the same time confuse and very probably 
endanger the international trade of the whole British Empire. The quarrelling and 
ill-feeling between Germany and the United States, of which we have not yet 
seen the end, are due to this countervailing idea, and it is the more inopportune 
