476 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Nov., 1899. 
GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA. 
Great prostration, with catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory and some- 
times of the other mucous membranes, accompanied with fever, characterise 
all the varieties of influenza. : 
SYMPTOMS OF THE UNCOMPLICATED CATARRHAL FORM. 
In the majority of cases the constitutional disturbance is slightly marked. 
The legs and ears are usually cold, and there may be, occasionally, a short 
irritable cough and sneezing. ‘The throat is sometimes swollen, and tender to 
the touch. On taking the pulse, we find it feeble and frequent, and the 
thermometer indicates a variable elevation of temperature. These symptoms 
may remain much the same for two or three days; more often, however, they 
are followed by others of a more urgent nature. The temperature may rise to 
105 or 106 degrees; the pulse may reach 60 to 80 beats to the minute, and the 
respirations become accelerated. The other symptoms also increase in severity : 
the cough becomes deeper and deeper, and more laboured, the throat swells. 
considerably, and is very sore—so much so, that there is much difficulty im 
swallowing, and the horse refuses all food. The debility and prostration become 
more .intense, and there is a marked thirst. The mucous membrane linin 
the nasal chambers at first dry become moistened, and there is a discharge 0 
mucous.. The bowels are sluggish, the faeces pale and scanty, the surface of the 
dung pellets is glazed, and, perhaps, coated with mucous.’ The urine is scanty 
and high-coloured, and often contains albumen. 
Simple Catarrhal Influenza is often ushered in, and accompanied by et: 
at the eyes, swelling of the eyelids and of the legs, and under the belly, an 
other symptoms denoting extreme debility. Even in the very early stage, the 
animal may be so reduced in strength as to require assistance to remove him 
into a loose box. : 
The indications to a favourable progress are marked by the symptoms 
gradually abating. The nasal discharge increases in amount, becoming chicka 
and purulent. The cough is moister and less frequent, and the temperature 
falls gradually; the urine being discharged more frequently, and in greater 
quantities, and not so highly coloured; and by the dung becoming of a proper 
consistency and soft, instead of being yoided in hard, mucous-coyvered pellets. 
Conyalescence is established in about 14 days from the onset of the fever. 
When a case is going to terminate fatally, the general symptoms become 
more intense and complications set in, due to various other derangements. The: 
membrane of the nostrils may become mulberry red, and in very bad cases the 
discharge may be streaked with blood. “Ihe pulse will be found to falter and 
sink, and, as a finale, cold sweats will break out. 
the sixth or seventh day, but it may be protracted to about the twelfth day. 
Treatment-—The treatment of horses suffering from influenza must 
necessarily vary very much. In early stages, with care and nursing, the 
threatened attack may probably pass off in a few days. 
General Treatment.—Isolate patient and use disinfectants. | Promptly 
remove sick animal to a comfortable loose box with a temperature of 60 to 65 
degrees Vahr., and proper attention paid to yentilation; plenty of pure air.. 
Rugs, hood, and bandages to legs. Regulate superficial temperature. aintain 
bowels in regular state with enemata, linsee mashes, and, if need be, with 
occasional laxatives. Febrile symptoms, combated with small doses of liquor 
ammon., acetatis, epsom salts, nitre. Restrict to mash diet, with a little green. 
Boe but when febrile symptoms abate, give digestible, concentrated, nutritive: 
ood. 
Cutarchal Symptoms.—Treated by steaming heat, medicated inhalations om 
sprays. Hot fomentations, stimulating embrocations to throat. In cases where: 
there is debility or prostration, the strength should be supported at once by the: 
administration of stimulants, such as carbonate of ammonia, and camphor, and 
ginger, with ale and porter, nutritive eruels, &e. Where there is marked thirst,. 
the animal should be frequently supplied with small quantities of fresh water 
containing salines, such as nitrate or chlorate of potash. 
Death, as arule, occurs about. 
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