108 ZOOLOGICAL EXERCISES. 
On three new Tertiary Shells—Hutton, Trans, N.Z. Inst., VIL, 
p. 458. 
Tertiary Mollusca from Canterbury.—Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. IX,, 
p. 593. 
The Belemnites of New Zealand.—Hector, Trans. N.Z. Inst., X., 
p. 484. 
TUNICATA—Animal enclosed in a thick, more or less 
coriaceous tunic, composed of Tunicine,* with two 
openings, oral and atrial,; pharynx perforated, and 
converted into a respiratory sac; nervous system, a 
single supra-cesophageal ganglion, with a pair of simple 
beanckos 
BrpHorA. Free swimming; tunic transparent; oral 
and atrial openings at opposite ends; branchiz 
band-like. 
ASCIDIOIDA. Fixed or embedded in mud; oral and 
atrial openings near together, more or less tubu- 
lar; the ganglion between them; branchial sac 
normal, 
The New Zealand Tunicates have not yet been cata- 
logued. Quoy and Gaimard have described six species in 
the voyage of the Astrolabe; and Boltenia australis, de- 
scribed in the same book, is also found here. 
| VERTEBRATA.—Neural and hemal regions completely 
separated, the body being formed of two parallel 
tubes. Nervous system dorsal. Generally with an in- 
ternal bony skeleton. Heart respiratory. A hepatic 
portal system always present. Limbs never more than 
four. The origin of the two cavities of the body is as 
follows: After the germinal disc has segmented, and 
the three germ layers formed, a short crescentic trans- 
* Tunicine (C,,, H, 9, 0,,) only differs from cellulose by being less 
easily saccharized. 
