112 ZOOLOGICAL EXERCISES. 
by lungs, with or without the aid of branchie, 
when adult. There are four orders. 
Urodela. A distinct tail; no scutes nor 
scales. 
Labyrinthodonta. A distinct tail ; lower sur- 
face of the body with plates and scutes (ex- 
tinct). 
_Ophiomorpha. Tail obsolete in the adult; 
limbs absent. 
Anoura.—Tail obsolete in the adult; limbs 
present. 
On Lieopelma hochstetteri.—Fitzinger, Reise der Novara. Reptiles, 
| Trans. N.Z. Inst., XII. 
REPTILIA. Respiration hy lungs; heart with one ven- 
tricle, with an incomplete partition, and two 
auricles; skin usually with scales or scutes. 
There are twelve orders. 
Chelonia. Dorsal vertebrae and ribs joined 
together into a bony carapace; integument of 
ventral surface developed into a plastron. 
Ichthyopterygia. Body fish-like; naked; 
vertebree amphiccelous ; limbs in the form of 
paddles, with supernumerary marginal ossi- 
cles ; teeth in an alveolar groove (extinct). 
Sauropterygia. Body fish-like ; naked ; ver- 
tebze flat ; limbs paddle-like, without super- 
numerary marginal ossicles ; teeth in sockets 
(extinct). 
Pythonomorpha. Body fish-like; skin 
smooth ; vertebrze proccelous; limbs paddle- 
like, without supernumerary marginal ossi- 
