Brown— The Densities and Specific Heats of some Alloys of Iron. 
CARBON STEELS. 
TABLE I. 
Percentage Composition Specific Volume 
Mark C Si Mn Density Green Calculated | Difference 
S. G. 1. 0-028 0:07 — 78771 0°12695 012719 000024 
ip So || OOH 0:02 0-18 78778 0°12694 0°12713 0:00019 
1166 A 0-14 0:08 _ 78638 0°12716 0:12756 0:00040 
1392 A 0:85 0-17 0:32 78268 0:12777 0-18004 0:00227 
1392 G 1:23 0:12 0°14 7°7897 0°12827 0°13104 0:00277 
611 0°58 0:49 0°58 78132 0-12800 0:13016 0:00216 
613 1:00 0-49 0°58 7:7587 0°12890 0713146 0:00256 
614 1:25 0:46 0-62 7°7525 0:12900 0°18214 0:00314 
61 
In Table I. are given the results for eight carbon steels which contain from 
0:028 to 1:25 per cent. of carbon; and from the two columns of specific volumes 
it will be seen that contraction has taken place in each case. In order to find 
the effect on the specific volume of the material produced by the addition of carbon 
alone to the iron, we must make a correction for the presence of the other 
constituents; and from the results given in Table V., page 66, for the silicon 
steels, it was found that the nerease in the specific volume of the material produced 
by adding one per cent. of silicon to iron was 0:0011 c.c. 
By comparing the two specimens marked 8.C.I. and 1166 A in Table I. 
(which have approximately the same amount of silicon), it will be found that for 
an increase of 0°112 per cent. of carbon to the iron, the specific volume of the 
material is increased by 0°00021 ¢.c., and therefore 1 per cent. of added carbon 
will increase the specific volume of the alloy at the rate of 0:0018 c.c.—a 
result the same as that obtained by Mr. C. Benedicks in tests on some Swedish 
steels.* 
Applying this result to the specimen 8.C.I., its specific volume when corrected 
for carbon becomes 0:1269 c.c., which may be taken as the value for practically 
pure iron. If on adding one per cent. of carbon to iron no change took place 
* Recherches Physiques et Physico-chimiques sur |’Acier au Carbone. Upsala, 1904. 
M 2 
