enkelte kunne indtage næsten Dyrets hele Længde, idet de 
'udspringe fra Ryggens forreste Dele og fæste sig paa Tar- 
mens bagerste Ende. Fra Bugfladen gaa ogsda nogle en- 
kelte kortere Bindevævstraade hen til Tarmen. - Hvor denne 
gaar over i Kloaken, danne Ringmusklerne en Sphincter. 
Kloaken er oval langstrakt, Fig. 8, f. fra 8—10”” lang, » 
og har paa den forreste Del ved Siden af Tarmindgangen en 
tragtformig F orlængelse, der kan være indtil 5”” lang, Fig. 
8. g. Kloaken: er bunden. til Kropsvæggen ved en stor 
Mengde muskuløse Traade, Fig. 8. h, og dens vide Aab- 
ning er forsynet med en stærk Sphincter, der faar sine 
Kloaken dannes af de 
samme Lag som Tarmkanalen, kun ere saavel Muskulaturen ~ 
Muskler fra Hudens Tvermuskler. 
som det hyaline, Bindevey meget stærkere repræsenteret. 
Dette sidste danner paa' den indre Flade, hvortil Epithelet 
støder, fremspringende Længdelister, der bidrage til at forme 
de store Længdefolder, som findes paa Kloakens indre Flade. 
Imellem Længdefolderne sees mindre Folder,. der gaa paa- 
tvers, hvorved et rudet Udseende fremkommer. Disse Tver- 
folder synes at være afhængige af Muskelvirksomheden i 
Kloaken, da de ere temmelig uregelmiessige. | 
I vor Beskrivelse over Trochostoma Thomsoni* gjorde 
vi opmærksom paa, at der i Tarmvæggene fandtes af og 
til en indkapslet Nematode, og at det fuldt udviklede Dyr 
hyppig var attræffe i Tarmindholdet. Noget lignende finder 
ogsaa Sted hos Kolga hyalina. I Tarmindholdet hos denne 
sees enkelte fuldt udviklede Individer af en Nematode. der 
er forskjellig fra den hos -Trochostoma Thomson. . Men | 
foruden disse enkelte udviklede Dyr. findes der overalt i 
Kroppens Hud indkapslede Individer, der ligge spiralformig. 
indesluttede i en tynd Membran. Disse - saaledes indkaps- 
lede Orme ere dog saa spredte i den ydre Hud, at de 
ingen synderlig Forstyrrelse synes at frembringe der. Men 
ganske anderledes forholder det sig med Tarmen; her op- 
træde de i større Mengde, ja hos enkelte Individer var der 
i Størstedelen af den første Slynge. lige fra Maven og hen- 
imod første Bøjning, en saa overordentlig Masse af disse 
indkapslede Nematoder. at Tarmens Muskelhud var saa- 
godtsom ganske ødelagt. Tarmen var nemlig her særdeles 
meget udvidet. og dens Vægge vare yderst tynde og gjen- 
nemsigtige, næsten som et Flor. Den letteste Berørelse 
foraarsagede, at Tarmen løsnede fra Maven, og det kan 
ingen Tvivl være underkastet. at’ her var en pathologisk 
Tilstand indtraadt, der visselig ender med Individets Øde- 
læggelse. Ogsaa i Kloakens Vægge fandtes hos enkelte 
Exemplarer en Mengde indkapslede Nematoder, uden at 
vi kunde opdage andre Destruktioner. end at der. hvor 
. Nematoden laa indspunden, var en Smule Muskelatrophi. 
. å 2 3 OF Guy & a Q = 
1 Nyt Magazin for Naturv. 24. Bind, p. 238, Christiania 1878. 
Den norske Nordhavsexpedition. Danielssen og Koren: Holothurider. 
_gives to the surface, a tesselated appearance. 
ceedingly long. muscular filaments, most of which protend. 
‘throughout the entire length ‘almost of the animal, having 
‘their origin near the anterior extremity of the dorsal region, 
and terminating at the posterior extremity of the intestine, 
to which they are attached. A few .shorter filaments. of 
connective tissue proceed from the ventral surface to the 
intestine. At the point where the latter opens into the 
cloacum, a sphincter is formed by the annular muscles. 
The cloacum is ovato-elongate, fig. 8, f, from 8”” to. 10” 
long, and furnished on the anterior margin, in immediate 
proximity to the outlet of the, intestine, with a funnel-shaped 
appendage, attaining in some individuals a length of 5™”, 
fig. 8, g.. The cloacum is webbed to the inner surface of 
the trunk by large numbers of muscular filaments, fig. 8. 
h, and, its wide, opening provided with a powerful sphine- 
ter, composed of muscles branching off from the transverse 
muscles of the integument. The cloacum is built up of 
the same tegumentary layers as the intestinal canal, but 
the muscles and the hyaline connective tissue are much 
more developed. From the inner surface of the latter, 
adjoining the epithelium, issue a number of projecting 
longitudinal fillets, which contribute to the formation 
| of the broad longitudinal folds on the inner surface of 
the cloacum. Between the broad longitudinal folds are 
seen numerous smaller ones, transversely disposed, which 
These trans- 
verse folds would seem to depend on muscular action in 
the cloacum, being rather irregular in form.and arrangement. 
In our description of Trochostoma -Thomsomi) we 
called attention to the fact, that. in the walls of the intes- 
tinal canal occurred now and again an incapsulated Nematoid, 
and that fully developed examples of that animal were fre- 
quently niet with, among the contents of the intestine. : 
This, with some modification, is likewise characteristic of 
Kolga hyalina.. Among the contents of the intestine are 
seen here and there fully developed examples of a Nematoid, 
differing however from that in. Tvochostoma Thomsoni. 
But. exclusive of these fully developed animals, incapsulated 
individuals, spirally coiled within a thin membrane, occur 
everywhere in the skin of the trunk. In the outer integu- 
ment, these incapsulated vermicules are so sparingly dis- 
persed that no serious organic derangement would seem to. 
Not so, however, with the intes- 
tine; here, they occur m larger numbers; 
result from their presence. 
nay, in some of the 
individuals were.found such enormous quantities of these 
incapsulated Nematoids throughout the greater part of the 
first convolution, from the pylorus to the first bend, that 
the muscular integument of the intestine had been well 
nigh worn away. The intestine was distended almost to 
bursting, its walls bemg thin and diaphanous as a piece 
of gauze. The slightest touch sufficed to detach the: in- 
_testine from, the stomach, and there can be no, doubt what- 
ever that a pathological phasis had set in which must inevi- 
In the walls 
of the cloacum, too, some.examples had numbers of incap- 
. 
tably have terminated in organic dissolution. 
1 Nyt Magazin for Naturv: Part 24, p. 238, Christiania 1878. 
D 
å a 
