der indeholde en Samling af klare Molekiiler, Tab. VIII, 
Fig. 387. Disse Celler ligge altid enkeltvis, temmelig 
spredte, have stundom ligesom en kort Udløber og findes 
næsten overalt, hvor dette hyaline, saagodtsom fiberløse, 
Bindevæv optræder. — 
Det er sikkerlig lignende Celler, som Semper har 
fundet hos en hel Del Holothurider, og som han har kaldt 
Slimeeller. Men det tor være et Spørgsmaal, om disse 
Celler fungere som slimafsondrende Organer; de synes sna- 
rere at være særegne Bindevævslegemer, der tjene til at 
opretholde Bindevævet. Imidlertid maa vi tilstaa, at vi 
ikke have fundet andre Organer 1 Huden, der kunne af- 
sondre Slim, hvoraf der vistnok findes noget i Huden paa 
Trochostoma, omendskjønt den ydre Flade intet Slimover- 
træk har, hvilket jo er Tilfældet med Holothuriderne 1 Al- 
mindelighed. 
Muskellaget er bundet til den indre Flade af Læder- 
huden og bestaar af Tver- og Længdemuskler. Tvermusk- 
lerne ere fra 0.5—1”” brede, støde saagodtsom umiddelbart 
til hinanden, Tab. VII, Fig. 3, a, og sammenbindes ved et 
fint Bindevæv, hvori findes smaa runde Kalklegemer, der 
stundom ligge i Rækker langs Musklernes Rande, Tab. VIII, 
Fig. 18. 
Vi have benævnt dem Tver- og ikke Ringmuskler, thi 
de danne ingen Ring, men ere afbrudte ved Længdemusk- 
lerne. Tvermuskler er derfor en bedre Benævnelse; de 
 ophøre sædvanligvis henimod Midten af Længdemusklen, 
sjelden gaa de lige hen til det imellem begge Længdemusk- 
ler liggende Længdekar. Der bliver altsaa et Rum af hen- 
ved et Par Millimeters Bredde, hvor Længdemusklerne og 
Længdekarret samt Nerver ligge i umiddelbar Berørelse 
med det indre Lag af Corium. Semper* har ogsaa iagt- 
taget, at de egentlige Ringmuskler kun findes hos Slægterne 
Synapta, Chirodota, samt hos Anapta gracilis, imedens de 
hos alle andre Holothurider ere ligesom hos vor Slægt af- 
brudte.  Tvermusklerne paa den bagerste Ende i Omkred- 
sen af Endetarmen blive stærkere og danne omkring dennes 
Aabning en temmelig tyk Sphincter. Paa den forreste Ende 
ophører Tvermusklerne ved Mundskivens ydre Rand uden 
at gaa over paa 'den. 
Længdemusklerne danne 5 Par; hver Muskel har en 
Bredde af omtr. 3””, og Rummet imellem hvert Par er 
omtr. 1”” bredt, Tab. VII, Fig. 3, b. De indtage- Krop- 
pens hele Længde, og paa dennes forreste Ende, idet de 
gaa over paa Kalkringen, forener hvert Par sig til en stærk 
Tendo, der insererer sig 1 en. Fordybning, som findes paa 
den udvendige Side af Radialstykkets forreste og ydre For- 
længelse, Tab. VII, Fig. 8, a. Bagtil, lige ned imod En- 
‘den, forener hvert Par sig i en flad, temmelig tynd Tendo, 
1 
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. iste Band. 
pag. 157. 
Holothurien, 
44 
ration of limpid molecules, Pl. VIII. fig. 37. are seen in 
the inner hyaline layer. These cells are invariably isolated, 
and comparatively distant; they have sometimes a kind of 
short. offshoot, and are observed wherever almost this hya- 
line and, we may say, non-fibrous connective tissue. occurs. 
They were assuredly similar to these, the cells 
Semper found in many Holothurians, and to which he 
gave the appellation of mucous cells. But it is doubtful 
whether the function of these cells be secretory; they 
should, we think, be regarded rather as peculiar corpuscles 
of connective tissue, serving to strengthen the connective tis- 
sue. We must however admit, that we have failed to 
detect other organs in the skin capable of secreting mucus, . 
of which the skin im Trochostoma certainly exhibits traces, 
although the outer surface has no mucous covering, which 
indeed is generally the case with Holothurians. 
The muscular layer is connate with the inner surface 
of the corium, and consists of transverse and longitudinal 
muscles. The transverse muscles are from 0.5” to 1” 
broad, very nearly contiguous, Pl. VIT, fig. 3, a, and webbed 
together by a thin layer of connective tissue, in which are 
numbers of small round calcareous corpuscles, sometimes 
arranged in rows along the margin of the muscles, Pl. 
NIDOL me I 
We have termed them transverse and not annular 
muscles, since they do not form a ring, being intersected 
by the longitudinal muscles; transverse muscles is therefore 
a better designation. They generally terminate near the 
middle of the longitudinal muscles, rarely extending to the . 
longitudinal vessel between the two longitudinal muscles. 
Hence there is a space, about two millimetres in width, 
where the longitudinal muscles, the longitudinal vessel, and 
the longitudinal neryes are in direct contact with the 
inner layer of the corium. Semper! has also observed, 
that annular muscles, in the strict sense of the word, do 
not occur save in the genera Synapta, Chirodota, and 
 Anapta gracilis; m all other Holothurians, ineluding the 
genus now described, the muscles corresponding to them 
are disrupted. The transverse muscles at the posterior 
extremity ‘of the body become more powerful they 
approach the anus, surrounding the latter with a com- 
paratively thick sphincter. At the anterior . extremity, 
the transverse muscles terminate in immediate proximity 
to the outer margin of the oral disk, without extending 
as 
on to it. 
There are 5 pairs of longitudinal muscles; each muscle 
is about 37” broad, and the space between each pair about 
17, Pl. VII, fig. 3, 6. They extend througout the entire: 
leneth of the body; and, at its anterior extremity, where 
they reach the calcareous ring, each pair unites to form a 
powerful tendon, which has its socket in the exterior sur- 
face of the outer and foremost process of the radial seg» 
ment, Pl. VII, fig. 8, a. Posteriorly, close to the extre- 
mity of the body, each pair unites, forming a flat and com- 
1 Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. iste Band. 
% UT 
Holothurien, 
