Vi have nu leveret en nogenlunde fuldstændig Be- 
skrivelse af denne høist interessante Pennatulide's Ydre, 
og vi have behandlet særskilt hvert Exemplar af de 12, der 
ere fundne paa den norske Nordhavsexpedition, væsentlig 
fordi de frembyde i de forskjellige Aldere og Udviklings- 
stadier Særegenheder, som, hvor kun et enkelt Specimen 
haves til Raadighed, let kan lede til Antagelse af særskilte 
Arter, noget, der efter vor Formening har fundet Sted 
ved de af Dr. Lindahl opstillede 2 Arter, Umbellula miniacea 
og Umb. pallida og sandsynligvis med Professor Köllikers 
Umbellula magniflora, hvilke samtlige vi have opførte i- 
Synonymien. Allerede Kölliker har fundet Lindahls Arter 
saa lidet adskilte fra hinanden, at han har slaaet dem sammen 
under Navnet Umbellula Lindahl, og vi ere ved Sammenligning 
med vore Exemplarer komne til den fuldstændige Overbevis- 
ning, at de ere mindre udviklede (yngre) Exemplarer af den 
gamle, ærværdige Umbellula encrinus. Af vore Beskrivelser 
fremgaar det formentlig med Bestemthed, at ethvert Exem- 
plar frembyder en eller anden Særegenhed, der staaende 
for sig alene uden at kunne sammenlignes med en Række 
Exemplarer 1 forskjellige Aldere, vil kunne benyttes som 
Artsmærker, saaledes som Dr. Lindahl har gjort.  Forud- 
sat at vi havde fundet de 12 Exemplarer igjennem et læn- 
gere Tidsrum og kun 1 Exemplar af Gangen, havde der 
da været for os omtrent de samme Grunde til Dannelsen 
af 10—12 Arter, som der har været for Dr. Lindahl til 
at danne 2. Slegten Umbellula er let kjendelig med sin 
særegne, forholdsvis lange Stilk, med sin forkrøblede Ra- 
chis og med de store, hængende Polyper; men Arten 
encrinus er temmelig variabel, alt eftersom Exemplaret er 
mere eller mindre udviklet, — og kun ved et større Sam- 
menligningsmaterial, saaledes som det vi have været 
lykkelige at være 1 Besiddelse af, kan det undgaaes at op- 
Saa 
stille nye Arter, der dog til syvende og sidst falder sammen 
med den gamle encrinus. 
Ser vi nu hen til vore 12 Exemplarer, finde vi, at 
Stilken varierer paa hvert enkelt; den danner foroven en 
større eller mindre Bue, ofte afhængig af Polypernes Tyngde:; 
den er paa enkelte Exemplarer overordentlig meget dreiet 
efter Længden, paa andre er den ganske opret og lige; 
dens nederste, bulbøse Del er forskjellig baade i Tykkelse 
og Længde, stundom ganske rund, hyppig fladtrykt paa 
Ventral- og Dorsalfladen, hos enkelte firkantet og ender 
hyppigst som en afstumpet Konus med en ovoid Skraa- 
flade; Stilkens 
ledes dels efter Fxemplarets Alder, dels eftersom Stil- 
kens Dreininger ere mere eller mindre udstrakte. 
øverste, skedeformige Del varierer lige- 
Rachis er Jo ogsaa meget forskjellig; paa enkelte Exem- 
plarer er den yderst kort og kun lidet dreiet, saa at Enden 
er let at observere, paa andre er den længere, meget bred 
og stærkt fordreiet, saa at den danner en tyk Klump, paa 
hvilken det er ugjørligt at paavise noget egentligt Endepunkt. 
We have now presented a somewhat complete de- 
scription of this highly remarkable Pennatulida’s exterior, 
and have treated each specimen, of the 12 specimens col- 
lected during the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 
by itself, principally, because they display peculiarities in 
the various ages and stages of devlopment, which, when 
only one specimen is at disposal, may easily lead to the 
adoption of separate species. This has, in our opinion, 
happened with the 2 species Umbellula miniacea, and Um- 
bellula pallida, established by Dr. Lindahl, and probably, 
Köllikers Umbellula magniflora, all 
of which, we have placed in the common synonymy. Köl- 
liker has previously found Lindahl’s species, so little different 
also, with Professor 
from each other, that be has classed them together under 
the designation Umbellula Lindahli; and, we have, after com- 
parison with our specimens, arrived at the complete con- 
viction, that they are, partially developed (younger) specimens 
of the old, Umbellula encrinus. 
description, it appears, presumably, with certainty, that 
venerable From our 
ach specimen presents, some one or other peculiarity, which 
taken by itself; without opportunity of comparison with a 
series of specimens of different ages; may be used as 
a specific characteristic, in the manner Dr. Lindahl has 
done. Supposing that we had collected our 12 specimens 
over a long period of time, and only one specimen at a 
time, there would, then, have also been for us, about the 
same reasons for the formation of 10 or 12 species, as 
The 
it’s peculiar, 
there has been for Dr. Lindahl to form 2 species. 
genus  Umbellula is easily recognisable by 
relatively long stem, with it’s scrubby rachis, and by the 
large pendant polyps; but the species encriuus is pretty 
rariable, according, as the specimen is more or less devel- 
oped, and, only, with the assistance of an extensive com- 
parative material, like what we have been so fortunate to 
obtain posession of, is it possible to avoid the creation of 
new species, which, after all is said and done, conform to 
the old encrinus. 
If we examine our 12 specimens, we find, that the 
They all form at 
the upper part, a larger or smaller are, frequently depend- 
dent on the weight of the polyps. 
stem is greatly twisted longitudinally, whilst, in other spec- 
imens it is quite erect and straight. Its lower bulbous 
both, in and in length; 
stem is different in each one of them. 
In some specimens, the 
part is variable, thickness, 
sometimes, it is quite round; frequently, it is flattened 
and dorsal surfaces. 
on the ventral 
the stem is quadrangular, and 
In a few specimens, 
terminates, often, as a 
surface. The 
partly, as a 
blunted cone having an ovate diagonal 
superior sheath-formed part, also varies, 
consequence of the age of the specimen, and partly, also, 
according as the twisting of the stem is more or less 
extensive. 
The rachis too, is very various. 
it is extremely short, and only slightly twisted, so that, it’s 
In a few specimens 
extremity is easily detected. In other specimens, it is 
longer, very broad, and strongly twisted, so that, it forms 
a thick lump, in which it is impracticable to detect any 
