142 Epwarp Hunn—Zhe Relations of the Carboniferous, Devonian, and Upper 
interval, more or less prolonged, during which there was an absence of sedimentary 
deposition in some localities while it was in progress in others; and this we can 
only account for by supposing that where no deposition took place the Glengariff 
beds formed dry land or shoal water. 
Thus then, I infer that over the western and southern portions of Cork, and 
other districts where the Old Red Sandstone is absent below the Carboniferous 
beds, the Glengariff grits and slates had been disturbed and elevated into land 
surfaces until the Carboniferous period set in. 
This inference is borne out by the fact that the Glengariff beds show signs of 
having been subjected to flexuring and foldings quite distinct from those which 
influence the Carboniferous strata, which latter are of later origin than the Car- 
boniferous period ; to these earlier disturbances I shall now refer more in detail. 
1V.—Contortions in the Glengariff Beds of earlier date than the Old Red 
Sandstone. 
As additional evidence of the unconformity between the Glengarift,and the Old Red 
Sandstone or Carboniferous beds, J may refer to the contortions into which the former 
are thrown, evidently differing in date as in direction, from those of succeeding forma- 
tions. Throughout the county of Cork and adjoining districts the flexures of later 
date than the Carboniferous, and to which, consequently, all the formations older 
than the Carboniferous have been subjected, trend in approximately east and west 
directions. Owing to these post Carboniferous flexures the strata are thrown into 
the series of sharp foldings ranging in the directions stated, and it scarcely ever 
happens that Carboniferous beds or Old Red Sandstone dip otherwise than approxi- 
mately north and south ; but in the case of the Glengariff beds it is otherwise, for 
in many places amongst the mountains lying on the borders of Kerry and west of 
Macroom we find these beds contorted in directions which are approximately at 
right angles to the east and west flexures. This is very remarkable in the region 
bordering Lough Nambrackderg, where, throughout a distance of two miles 
measured across the strike, the general dip is westerly, at angles varying from 10° 
to 20.° Similar westerly dips are conspicuous amongst the massive grits lying to 
the north and west of the Coomhola River, and contrast strongly with the steady 
N.E. trend of the Lower Carboniferous beds* lying along the valley to the south- 
wards. Such instances are strongly suggestive of disturbances of earlier date than, 
and independent of, those which have influenced the Carboniferous and Old Red beds; 
these latter, being of later date and more powerful, have tended to obliterate those to 
which the Glengariff beds have been subjected. ‘The apparent conformity between 
the Glengariff and overlying Old Red, or Carboniferous beds, over large districts of 
county Cork, is capable of explanation if we suppose that the former were only 
* These flexures are very carefully laid down on the field maps of the Geological Survey. 
