On the Fossil Fishes of the Carboniferous Limestone Series of Great Britain. 539 
localities the rock is more or less flaggy, as at Granny Castle and Dunkitt, N.W. 
of Waterford, where there are large quarries. It also changes to a dolomitic or 
magnesian limestone, and where this has occurred the limestone becomes of a pale 
brown colour and saccharoid texture ; it loses its bedding and all traces of fossils 
disappear. The thickness of the Lower Limestone is estimated at not less than 
700 feet. 
Several species of fossil fishes have been found in the Lower Limestone of 
Hook Point and besides these, a greater variety of fossil mollusca, encrinites, and 
corals than is to be found in many localities. Mr. W. H. Baily, Paleeontologist to 
the Irish Geological Survey, gives this description of the limestone and its fossils :— 
“Nothing can exceed the beauty of these fossils where the beds are exposed and 
weathered, as they are nearly all round the shores of this point. The rocks of 
dark, nearly black limestone are almost horizontal, and rise by a succession of 
steps from the sea, with great fissures or joints interrupting the continuity of the 
beds. The surfaces of these beds are crowded with Corals, Polyzoa, Brachiopods, 
and Crinoids, and sometimes fish-remains. The delicate network of the Reteporide, 
and elegant structure of other kinds of Polyzoa, with the internal arrangement of 
the Brachiopod shells and the graceful Crinoids, with stems, arms, and heads 
attached, are all displayed in perfection at this favourite locality ; and I know of 
no other place where such a fine field is open for investigating the structure of 
these particular groups of fossils in sitw as this place affords.” 
The Middle Limestone or ‘‘ Calp ” is composed of compact, evenly-bedded lime- 
stone, dark gray or black in colour, with occasional layers and nodules of black 
chert and beds of earthy shale, they are occasionally finely crystalline and reach 
500 feet in thickness. The Upper Limestones are generally similar in character 
but of a light gray colour, and contain white chert as well as black. North of 
Clonmel this group is about 400 feet in thickness. 
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Fic. 2. SEcTION FROM WATERFORD, NEAR Dunxitt, To Tory Hitt. 
a. Silurian Rocks. d. Lower Limestone Shale. 
6. Old Red Sandstone. e. Lower Limestone, 
c. Yellow Sandstone. 
Horizontal Scale, 1 inch=1 mile. Vertical Scale, 3 inch=1 mile. 
