162 C. E. Burtoy.— Physical Observations of Mars. 
No. 23. Longitude=—250°. 1879, Oct. 5. 15" 45™ to 16" 10" G.M.T. Hooke and 
Maraldi Seas are shown imperfectly separated by the northern portion of Burchardt 
Land. Huggins Bay is not distinguishable as a projection of Maraldi Sea, though 
the eastern termination of that sea in a fine point is very distinct, A dark patch 
is shown in Hooke Sea to the south of Gruithuisen Bay. Dreyer Island (Green) 
and Lockyer Land are plainly visible, together with the intervening Zdllner Sea, 
and Flammarion Sea, adjoining Hind Peninsula. The Kaiser Sea and a part of 
Dawes Ocean are shown just within the eastern limb and the faint offshoot of the 
former, known as Main Sea, is very distinct, seeming to be prolonged, with one 
interruption, nearly to the arctic circle. Gruithuisen Bay sends off a faint streak 
to the N.W., as in so many later sketches. The northern snow was small and faint, 
and none appears to have been seen in the neighbourhood of the S. Pole. A region 
of great brightness lay to the east of the Kaiser Sea. 
The 8-inch reflector was employed for these observations, seemingly with an 
achromatic eyepiece magnifying 380 diameters. 
ING, A, onennmcls—s0er, ils7, Dee, WO, 10” Sl wo Wl HS EMM, Wms 
drawing, made with a power of 408 diameters on the 12-inch reflector, shows the 
Kaiser Sea with its southern extremity in almost the most favourable position for 
close scrutiny. The atmospheric conditions were most propitious, as is imperfectly 
indicated by the observation of Nasmyth Inlet in such close proximity to the 
northern limb. Calculating from its known width and latitude, the apparent 
breadth at the time of drawing it must have been considerably less than 0:2’’ (two 
tenths of a second of arc). Notwithstanding its extreme attenuation, it was so 
clearly seen that I have no hesitation in saying that if any of the canals depicted 
in Professor Schiaparelli’s maps of this region had existed as visible objects on Dee. 
10, I must have seen them. Nothing of the kind was seen, however, on this night. 
Hirst Island was utterly invisible,* and immediately to the north of its place was a 
large pear-shaped shading, similar to that seen in 1871 and 1873 by Mr. Knobel 
and by the writer to occupy the same position. Banks Cape appears prolonged 
into an isthmus, dividing the Kaiser Sea from Herschel II. Strait. Possibly this 
isthmus is simply formed by a union of Hirst Island with Banks Cape, a state of 
things which seems to have been the rule in 1862 and 1864, according to the 
evidence of Professor Kaiser. Zéllner Sea, Lambert Sea, and Lockyer Land are 
very conspicuous. Cassini Land and Dreyer Island form a single white or light- 
coloured patch, corroborating the evidence afforded by the elongation of Banks 
Cape as to the prevalence of clouds in this region. Phillips Island is visible, as 
well as a trace of Kunowski Land. Between Nasmyth Inlet and the northern limb 
there was a brilliant white stripe. At the southern edge of Beer Continent there 
was a narrow white line following the sinuosities of the outline from a point some 
distance to the W. of Banks Cape, at least as far as Dawes Forked Bay. The two 
* As a separate marking. 
