XIV.—EXPLORATIONS IN THE BONE CAVE OF BALLYNAMINTRA, 
NEAR CAPPAGH, COUNTY WATERFORD. By A. Letra Apams, 
M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. G. H. Kinanman, m.p.1.a. AND R. J. UssHer. 
Pratzs 1X, to XIV. 
[Read November 15th, 1880:] 
CONTENTS. 
I.—Preliminary Remarks, by R. J. Ussuer. 
II.-—Physical Features of the Valley between the Blackwater and Dungarvan Bay, with a list 
of the Caves, by G. H. Kinanan.—p. 178. 
III.—Structure and Contents of the Ballynamintra Cave, by R. J. UssHEr.—p. 182. 
TV.—Animal Remains, by Dr. A. Lerra Apams.—p. 195. 
V.—Implements, by R. J. UssHer.—p. 213. 
VI.—Summary and General Conclusions, by Dr. A. Lerra. Apams, G. H. Kinanan, and R. J. 
UssHer.—p. 217. 
VII.—Explanation of Plates.—p. 225. 
J.—Preuiminary Remarks sy R. J UssuHer. 
That the Valley between Dungarvan Bay and the Blackwater was a resor t o 
the huge Mammalia that characterized the Post Pleiocene epoch has been re- 
peatedly proved. 
Smith, in his “ Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Waterford,” 
p. 81, states, “Some years ago we dug up, within a mile of Whitechurch, the rib 
of an elephant, it agreeing with the description of that animal in Dr. Moulins and 
Blair.” Of this rib he gives a figure. 
More than a century ago two very perfect pairs of reindeers’ antlers, now in 
possession of John Quinlan, Esq., of Clonkerdin, are said to have been found in a 
bog at Ballyguiry, on the south side of the valley”. 
About the year 1830, or earlier, the late Richard Ussher, when excavating ponds 
in the peat, east of Cappagh, found the bones and antlers of as many as sixteen 
Irish elks. Most of these remains are said to have been found congregated near 
one particular spot. 
A Mr. Stack, a farmer living at Ballynameelagh, near Whitechurch, states that 
about the year 1852, when opening up a passage to a well in the rock cavity (No. 
* See “Recent and Extinct Irish Mammals,” by Professor A. Leith Adams, in the Proceedings of the 
Royal Dublin Society, Vol. II., N.8., p. 32, 1878. 
2H 
