Explorations in t!e Bune Cave of Ballynamintra. 197 
THe Horse (Kquus Caballus). 
Three molars, discoloured, and a fragment of a-metacarpal, of a pale, yellow 
colour, were obtained from No. 1. The horse and bear were associated in the neigh- 
bouring cavern at Shandon, so that their co-existence is not remarkable. The teeth 
show also a smali horse: 
Pia (Sus scrofa). 
This ungulate, one of the feral mammals of Ireland in historical times, has been 
ident fied among the exuviz of No. 3 deposit in Ballynamintra cave, where teeth 
and bones were found. - Its remains, however, were most plentiful in No. 1, as 
follows :—- 
— No. 1 No. 2 No. 3. | Crevices. eae 
of cave. 
Teeth, 2 if 1 3 i 
Cranium, . 3 : . ; : 
Mandible, . 5 1 : 1 
Vertebre, . . 1 : : 
Scapula, 5 ; . . 1 . 
Humerus, . ; : : . 1 : 
Metacarpals, . : 0 . 4 2 
Metacarpals or Metatarsals, 6 1 . 
Femur, 1 3 5 
Astragal, . 1 . 
Phalanges, 5 2 1 
23 19 5 3 3 
The bones of young individuals, and the fragmentary condition of the remains 
generally, in the two uppermost deposits suggest that the pig may have entered into 
the dietary of the early human, as well as of the quadrupedal inhabitants of the 
rock cavity. 
Ox (Bos longifrons 2). 
Remains of a small ox, of the dimensions of the Celtic short-horn, were plentiful 
in No. 1, and a few teeth and bones were likewise met with in No. 2, whilst the 
proximal third of a right metatarsal, presenting a more recent appearance than 
the generality of remains from No. 3 deposit, was found in the latter. 
Some of the long bones from No. 1 appear to have been split longitudinally, and 
give evidence of having sustained violent blows. One fragment of a vertebra from 
No. 2 bears traces of having been divided by a sharp instrument ; moreover, it has 
the appearance of recent bones, and consequently may have been introduced by 
the fox. 
The chisel (Plate XIIL., fig. 4), is evidently portion of the distal end of a meta- 
carpal or metatarsal of ox. 
