Explorations in the Bone Cave of Ballynamintra. 199 
Rep Drzr (Cervus elaphus). 
Rei Derr (C. Tarandus *) 
Numerous bones, referable to the red deer, were found from the base of No. 4 
the stalamitic shelf upwards, increasing in numbers towards No. 2, where they 
were plentiful, but less so in No. 1. The molars presented the usual characters of 
the red deer, and the slender metacarpus and metatarsus, with their deep, narrow 
grooves, seemed to indicate that they belonged to that species. A portion of a 
metatarsus (No. 64), of the cervine type, a good deal stouter in proportion than the 
red deer’s, and from No. 4, also a fragment of the distal end of a left humerus from 
No. 2 (No. 381) might be doubtfully claimed for the reindeer, but the absence of 
any portion of the antlers and teeth make it difficult to speak with certainty to the 
specific character of many of the cervine remains. 
In the upper portions of No. 1 the bones, as usual, were yellow, and present a 
far more recent character than from No. 2 ; dendritic markings, however, were also 
on a few specimens from No. 1, but the latter, like the bones of man and the Irish 
elk from this deposit, may have come from No, 2 for the reason stated at p. 196. 
The young and apparently uterine individuals were represented, and a few 
of the long bones had been split longitudinally, like the Irish elk’s, with which 
thoy were associated. As | have generaily noticed in numerous instances cf horns 
and bones of the red deer from turbaries and river silt of Ireland that nono indi- 
cated large individuals, as compared with similar remains from Gr. at Britain ; 
indeed, the Irish red deer seems to have been a small race, with more slender but 
clegantly branched antlers. 
The following is an analysis of the cervine remains from the cave in question :— 
: Debris 
Crevices.| thrown out 
of cave. 
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. 
Teeth, : j 0 
Cranium, Mandible, . 
Vertebre, . 
Ribs, . 
Scapula, 
Humerus, . 
Radius, 
Ulna, 
Carpus, j 
Metacarpus, : 0 : 
Meiacarpus or Metatarsus, . 
Pelvis, , 4 : : 1 
Femur, , : 5 0 2 2 : . : 
Tibia, 3 : ; 4: ° . . . : 1 
Patella, : F ; 1 . . : 
Tarsus, ; : : : : 3 
Metatarsus, ; : z 3 . : 
Phalanges, . , : ‘ 0 ‘ 2 1 1 1 . 
Cervine, . , ; : : . 18 . . 1 1 
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