216 Explorations in the Bone Cave of Ballynammtra. 
(Plate XIII., fig. 11), have both edges chipped round the same end by being 
repeatedly struck, first on one side and then on the other, reminding one of the 
“‘hammer-stone” of red sandstone found in Kent’s Cavern, and represented by 
Evans, in his “Stone Implements,” Fig. 402.* Nos. VJ. and VII., were found at 
sixteen to nineteen feet from the cave’s mouth, with a marine mussel shell a 
limpet and the human bones in the cale tufa, near which also occurred several other 
chipped stones. No, XX VII. was found in the upper part of the grey earth in the. 
“chimney chamber ” (section D). 
These rude stone implements, used by man, but formed by nature, were fre-. 
quently of unusual shapes, probably having been selected for that reason. The: 
Celt-like form of No. XXVIII. has been mentionedabove. No. X. is singularly flat: 
and thin for a worn stone and suitable for dividing objects with; No. XXVII. is 
rectangular, except at the chipped end’; No. XXXIV. would strike the most unob- 
servant by its resemblance to a pear. The projection, where the stem ought to be, 
is the part of this stone that is chipped, the rest of the surface (except some marks 
on the side) being very smooth. The broad end was, doubtless, held in the 
palm, and the pitted or chipped point was used for striking. 
This suitability for being grasped by the side (usually the thickest) which is 
opposite the chipped part, may be observed’ in almost’ every case of these hammer: 
stones. 
Two, however, Nos. XX XVIII. and XXXIX., seem to be. specially adapted for: 
attaching to a thong or gad round one end, and for striking with the other end, 
which is chipped in both cases. In the latter (a worn piece of limestone) the 
groove for such an attachment is natural, but in the former (a sandstone) it con- 
sists of chips taken off the opposite edges. No, LII. is most peculiar, reminding one. 
of the head of a pick, though rounded. 
Besides these chipped hammer stones, of which four may be counted from the- 
brown earth and twenty-one from the grey stratum, there is another class. 
Rubbing or Grinding Stones, 
whose surfaces are ground flat, but whether done by man or not it is not easy to. 
say. Two ofthese are from the grey earth, and’ one from the pale, sandy earth: 
below it. 
Pot Boiler. 
One flattish, rounded lump of sandstone hasa worn, discoloured surface, as if it: 
had been in the fire. It may have served as a pot boiler, or stone heated in the. 
fire for boiling purposes, asa deep notch on one side would hold a gad passed round 
it. It was found with the human bones and charcoal; fourteen to seventeen feet. 
from the entrance, in the grey stratum. 
* In speaking of similar hammer-stones, the above author remarks— They may have been used for - 
breaking up the bones for the marrow, which seems, from the fractured condition of all the bones con-.- 
taining it, to have been a favourite food among the French cave-dwellers.’” 
