272 Palwo-Geological and Geographical Maps of the British Islands. 
represented by the “ Pickwell Down sandstone,’* occupying a similar position 
below the “ Pilton and Marwood beds.” In Belgium and France, it is represented. 
by the “ Psammite du Condroz,” of the Upper Devonian Series, and in Scotland, by 
Red Sandstone and Conglomerate, unconformable to the “ Lower Old Red” (or 
Devono-Silurian) beds. It is scarcely represented in the north of England.t+ 
Lower Carboniferous Beds.—These immediately succeed the “ Kiltorcan beds,” 
in the south of Ireland, and there consist of gray grits and slates (‘Coom- 
hola grits”) passing upwards into the “Carboniferous slate” and limestone. In 
the north of Ireland, the “Coomhola beds,” &c., are represented by massive 
yellowish grits and shales, with a conglomerate base. The Carboniferous lime- 
stone forms the greater portion of the central plain of Ireland. In Scotland the 
base of the Carboniferous series is called the ‘‘Calciferous sandstone,” and the 
limestone is represented by that of the Roman camp near Edinburgh. In the north 
of England, the “Scar limestone ” forms step-like escarpments, and in Derbyshire 
rises into hills of 2,000 feet, dipping down towards the east and west below the 
Yoredale beds and millstone grit. 
In South Wales the limestone forms a range of fine escarpments along the north 
of the great coal-basin, resting on the shales, and passing below the millstone grit. 
In North Devon these shales are represented by the ‘‘ Marwood,” “ Pilton,” and 
“Barnstaple” beds, as already stated. The Carboniferous limestone, however, 
is a debased formation as compared with its representative further north. In 
Belgium the Carboniferous limestone is nobly developed and immediately underlies. 
the coal formation. 
The following Table of Synonyms may prove useful :-— 
TABLE OF SYNONYMS. 
England. Treland. Scotland, Belgium.+ 
Gannister Beds, . Lower Coal-Mea- Slaty Black-band Schistes de Chokier. 
sures. Series. 
| Millstone Grit, . Millstone Grit, or Moorstone Rock. . 
Middle Carboni- | Flags. Absent, in some 
ferous, 4 Upper Limestone, places as Liége, 
Yoredale Beds, . Shale Series, : quail Werner Coal loko J OscSieras aa 
others. 
. 
ee 
Series. 
Mountain Lime- Carboniferous 
Lower Carboni- stone. Limestone. 
ferous, . . * Limestone Shale, or OriranteronSlnta, 
Baggy, Pilton 
Desk, Coomhola Grit, &e. 
Roman Camp Lime- 
] 
| 
J 
\ 
stone. ff 
Calcaire de Dinant. 
S 
Upper and Lower 
Calciferous Sand- 
stone. 
chistes de la Fa- 
menne. 
} and Tronstone 
Yellow Sandstone ) 
| al@onel yf Kiltorcan Beds, 
Oe Seas 4 iistscelll epee Old Red Sand-( Upper Old a Psammite du Con- 
: . \¢ , droz (lower part. 
stone (Upper). Sandstone (Devon- Bee a Con Sandstone roz (lower part.) 
| shire.) J 8 aes 
“Scient. Trans., Roy. Dub. Soc., vol. i, antea p. 147.—Etheridge, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 
XXXviL, p. 196. 
+ For a full account of the representative series given above, see Quart. Journ., Geol. Soc., vol. xxxil. 
pp- 613-651. 
+ In Belgium the lower coal-measures sometimes, but not always, rest unconformably on the limestone, the 
millstone grit and Yoredale beds being then absent. This was explained to me by Dr. De Koninck, at Liége. 
