16 SYDNEY H. BALL: 
land” in Brewster’s Edinburgh Encyclopedia, 1816) which are most 
excellent, considering the state of the science of economic geology at 
the beginning of the nineteenth century. He found the sapphirine 
deposit at Fiskernæs (which he took to be cyanite); was the first minera- 
logist to locate and to visit the Ivigtut cryolite deposit, and to report 
from Greenland the following minerals of economic importance: apatite, 
cassiterite, chalcopyrite, fergusonite, and molybdenite. 
In 1838, J. С. ScHYTHE made an extensive report upon the coal 
resources of north Greenland, for the Danish government. Several of 
the early Arctic expeditions coaled at Kudtlisat and at Anakerdluk. 
Henry Rink who traveled in Greenland from 1848 to 1856, describes 
the mineral resources of the country. 
Interest in mining notably increased in Greenland about the middle 
of the last century due to the discovery in 1849 of several laminae of 
silver, apparently crystallized, in latitude 60°43’ N. near Julianehaab. 
No more silver, however, was found, notwithstanding that within the 
next five years six expeditions were sent out. Probably the silver had 
been lost by some ancient Norse settler. Shortly prior to this time, 
graphite was mined near Upernivik, and, in 1850, at Kaersut, and the 
King Frederick УП and Josva copper mines were opened at about 
the same time. From 1854—55, the small argentiferous galena vein in 
the hanging wall of the cryolite mass at [vigtut was opened up by an 
English engineer, J. W. Тлугев. He first mined it open-cut, but soon 
did underground mining. The production was never large, and most 
of the shipments were lost at sea. All of these enterprises failed, but, 
in 1854, the exploitation of cryolite began, and from 1857 to date an 
important output has been maintained. 
From 1876 to date, a number of geological expeditions have been 
sent out from Denmark, wholly or partially at government expense, 
the results of which have been published in the “Meddelelser om Gron- 
land”. Scattered throughout the 50 volumes composing this series, are 
many references to the economic geology of Greenland. 
In 1905, a rather broad prospecting concession, covering most 
minerals, except cryolite and coal, on the west coast of Greenland, was 
granted, and this concession soon passed into the hands of the Gron- 
landsk Minedrifts Aktieselskab. This Company has sent out several 
prospecting expeditions, and has done some copper mining at Josva. 
In 1906, the colonial government opened its coal mine at Kaerssuars- 
suak; coal mining is a government monopoly. | 
Production. 
Europeans have, as yet, done but little mining in the country. | 
The total production to date has an approximate value of 32 000 000 
