18 SYDNEY Н. BALL: 
1854—55 a small vein or mass of argentiferous galena in the hanging 
wall was worked under the supervision of J. W. TayLer, an English 
engineer, but the mine was soon abandoned, as the ore shoot pinched 
out. In 1851—52 Professor JuLıus THOMSEN, of Copenhagen, not only 
discovered a method of extracting soda aluminate from cryolite, but 
he also found it and its products suitable for enameling iron, for soap 
making, and for dyeing. In 1854 he obtained the exclusive right to 
mine cryolite at Ivigtut and the right to treat it in Denmark. Until 
1861, the concessions only ran for a year or two and the royalty was 
12 %. The royalty from 1861 to 1873 was 20 %. In 1854 mining began 
on a small scale, although the first whole cargo of cryolite was not 
shipped from Greenland until 1856. By the initiative of JuLius THOMSEN 
a firm was etablished in 1858, which in 1859 started a plant in Copen- 
hagen (Øresund). Between 1861 and 1865 soda plants were erected at 
Hamburg, Mannheim, Prague, Goldschmieden (near Breslau) and War- 
saw, but, as in 1865 the company made a contract with the Pennsylvania 
Salt Manufacturing Co. (Natrona, Pa.) for two-thirds of all the cryolite 
produced only the Øresund plant continued to operate. The contract 
with the Pennsylvania company gives it a monopoly of the cryolite 
trade in North and South America. It is probable that the first ship- 
ments were received in America in 1865. The present operators, “Aktie- 
selskabet Kryolith-Mine- og Handelsselskabet” of Copenhagen, took over 
the property in 1865, and their lease on the property runs for some 
25 years from date. Aluminum was first made from cryolite in 1855 by 
Dick and SMITH. 
From 1857 to 1865 the total production was some 14000 metric 
tons and from 1865 to 1873, 70 000. In 1870 the annual production was 
some 20 000 tons, but it gradually fell until in 1907 it was but 5 000 
tons. Since 1907 the production has increased. The total production 
to date of some 500 000 metric tons, had a value at the mine of ca. 
32 000 000 Kr. (8 600 000 $). The 1914 production was some 16 612 tons. 
There was imported into the United States (according to “Mineral 
Resources”) from 1867 to 1913, cryolite to the value of $ 3 608 302. 
The imports were at their height in the last twenty years of the Nine- 
teenth Century, the yearly average from 1867—69 being $ 70 137; from 
1870—79, $ 83 618; from 1880—89, $ 102 287; from 1890—99, $ 99 958; 
from 1900 to 1909, $ 38 896, and 1910—13, $ 37 571. 
Recent shipments follow: 
to the United States Value per ton to Denmark 
IRS Roger eee cee 3 753 tons $ 21.00 5 809 tons 
TOO EEE 3118 — 42,84 9 812 — 
Ile rer 3 959 — | 49.85 5 678 — 
Uo ceo os 1916 — 50.00 8802 — 
