The Mineral Resources of Greenland. 31 
bonate crystallizes out. Since 1894 soda has not been made from cryolite 
in Denmark. 
At present, of the cryolite sent to Denmark, two-thirds is smelted 
to aluminum, the greater portion of the remainder is used in making 
enamel ware and only a little is used for glass, and other purposes. 
In America the greater portion is now used as а flux in the metallurgy 
of aluminium and for opaque glass, although it was only some 10 years 
ago (1911) that the principal use in America was for soda products. 
In aluminum metallurgy in America the mineral is rapidly being sup- 
planted by artificial eryolite. About 0.1 ton of cryolite is lost by volatil- 
ization of the electrolyte per ton of aluminum made. The opalescent 
glass which resembles French porcelain is made from а mixture of 
4/7ths powdered cryolite, 2/7ths sand or powdered quartz and 1/7th 
zinc oxide. The glass is very hard and tough, can be easily moulded 
and is much cheaper than French porcelain. Unless the cryolite is 
silica-free brittle compounds of aluminium and silica result. It had 
been in use some years in Bohemian and Silesian glass works prior to 
the time it was introduced in America, in about 1867, by the “Hot- 
Cast Porcelain Company” of Philadelphia. If from 1/20th to 1/10th of 
cryolite is added to the ordinary constituents of enamel, a pure white 
opaque enamel is formed. Аз the cryolite-containing enamels are non- 
poisonous, their use for kitchen utensils is desirable. 2 to 5 % of eryolite 
is used as а flux in the manufacture of white portland cement. 
Copper. 
Copper is widely distributed along the west coast of Greenland, 
but no large deposits are known. Most are closely associated with 
igneous rocks and there are indications that the others were also formed 
by hot magmatic waters. 
The Josva copper mine. 
The Josva Copper Mine 13 situated in southern Greenland, twenty- 
two miles south of Ivigtut, on а small, low, windswept point of Alangors- 
suak Island. The outcrop was discovered by the Eskimo Josva, about 
1850, and was worked from 1852—55, by a party of miners in charge 
of an engineer named Robinson. Their boat, with what ore could be 
conveniently broken, was lost at sea, as were relief ships; the ore in 
sight was soon exhausted and eventually the mine was abandoned. 
The mine was again operated from 1905—14, by the Gronlandsk Mine- 
drifts Aktieselskab. Workings include an inclined shaft on the vein 
88 m (289 feet) deep, about 490 m (1 607 feet) of drifts and cross-cuts, 
