766 Marvels of the Universe 
the male bluish. In the 
perfect state it is gener- 
ally to be found lurking 
at the roots among long 
grass and plants, and it 
flies reluctantly. There are 
four European species, all 
of which occur in Great 
Britain. The most inter- 
esting facts concerning this 
insect are to be found 
in its life-history, and 
especially its earlier stages. 
The grub of the Fly is 
a curious-looking object, 
white, oval and convex, 
with a flat creeping-sole 
and a neatly reticulated 
upper surface. It has a 
little tail, and the head 
is hidden in front. In 
appearance it is much 
like a slug, and, indeed, 
it was originally described 
as such. In 1823 von Hey- 
den described and figured 
this grub, but he did 
not give it a name. He 
concluded, however, that 
it was a mollusk of an 
extraordinary new genus. 
In 1824 Spix named it 
as a slug. Although about 
this time its real state 
as the grub of this Fly 
length. They had no protective armament, and would probably escape the Tyrannosaur, the- -was discovered it was 
, 
Photo by] [H. J. Shepstone. 
SKELETONS OF THE DUCK-BILLED DINOSAUR. 
These vegetable-eating Dinosaurs belonged to the closing period of the Age of Reptiles. 
They were fifteen to sixteen feet or more in height and measured about thirty feet in 
king of the flesh-eating Dinosaurs, by taking to the water. 
described in 1839 as a 
scale-insect, and even as late as 1907 the grub of an allied species abroad was described as a 
new genus of Mollusca! The grub passes its whole life in the nests of ants. We give a figure of 
the ‘ ash-coloured’”’ ant, in the nests of which species we have always found these grubs. They 
are to be found under the bark on trunks of trees, in boughs, or under stones, wherever their 
hosts, the ants, may have made their home. They are always to be found among the ants. They 
move slowly, with a wave-like motion on their creeping-soles. The ants pay very little attention 
to them; if, however, they can get a grub on its back, they will bite at it and kill and devour it. 
They seem unable to hurt it as long as it is right-side up. The writer has noticed in his artificial 
nests where he has reared these flies the ants gently bite at the grub and sit on it. When the 
ants have moved from one chamber into another for more warmth or moisture, or any 
other cause, the grub has slowly followed them. More than one grub is generally to be found 
in a nest which harbours them, and the writer has found as many as twelve in one nest of this ant 
