846 Marvels of the Universe 
So with the strange creatures 
from the Old Red Sandstone 
strata, represented in our plate 
by a restoration by Mr. J. 
Smit. The men who worked 
in the sandstone quarries in 
Forfarshire along with the 
illustrious Hugh Miller, used to 
discover fragments of this very 
strange crustacean. Its hard 
coat of jointed armour bore on 
its surface curious wavy mark- 
ings, that suggested to their 
minds the sculptured feathers 
on the wings of cherubs—of 
all subjects of the chisel the 
most common. Hence they 
christened these remains ‘* Sera- 
phim.” The part to which this 
name was given turned out to 
be part of the under-side be- 
low the mouth. They greatly 
puzzled Hugh Miller, who was 
inclined to ascribe them to some 
unknown fish of the period ; 
for there were, as every geolo- 
gist knows, certain very “‘ queer 
fish”’ in those days. Some 
of these have already been 
described in this work by Mr. 
Pocock. However, Hugh Miller 
submitted some of his fragments 
THE ECLIPSE OF THE SUN, APRIL 17th, 1912. to the celebrated naturalist, 
Showing the area of the Earth covered by the shadow-cone at noon as it would AgassiZ, a pupil of the famous 
appear to a spectator in space, who would be looking straight towards Les Sables Cuvier of Paris who had 
d’Olonne in the Vendee department of France ; 4 
[By the Abbé Th. Moreuc. 
already written a famous work 
on fossil fishes. He, with his great knowledge of living types of animals, was able to solve the riddle 
by declaring that the remains belonged to a huge lobster! It was not, strictly speaking, a lobster ; 
but we shall not be far off if we say it was first cousin to a lobster. At that distant period (the Old 
Red Sandstone) there were no lobsters, but this Pterygotus, with its long ‘“‘ jaw-feet ’’ and power- 
ful tail, was something between a king-crab on the one hand and a scorpion on the other. In front 
was a great shield, or carapace (as we see in crabs and lobsters), bearing two large eyes, made up of 
numerous small lenses. The five pairs of appendages were all attached under or near the head- 
shield. Behind this follow twelve rings, or segments, the last of which forms the tail ; two at least 
of these carried gills for breathing. Of these appendages (or limbs), the lowest and largest evidently 
were used for propulsion through the water. In all other crustaceans the antenne are used for 
feeling about, but in this case they were used for catching the prey, being provided with claws. 
Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., who has written a learned monograph on these creatures, concluded 
that our Sea-Scorpion was a very active animal. The whole family to which it belongs seem to 
