Marvels of the Universe 887 
The sun, moon and planets share in these 
motions, but have, in addition, others, partly due 
to the earth’s annual motion and partly to 
their own independent movements. The sun, 
changing his place amongst the stars during 
the course of the year, owing to the earth’s 
annual motion, is visible for a greater or 
lesser time during the various months. For 
London he rises at shortly after eight a.m. 
on December 21, attains his greatest altitude (of 
15°) when due south at noon, and sets a little 
before four p.m., being then at his greatest 
(angular) distance south of the equator. ’ By 
March 21 he has reached the celestial equator, 
rises due east at six a.m., attains the altitude of 
383° at noon, and sets at six p-m. when due 
west, the day being thus twelve hours long, or 
equal to the night (equinox). After this, 
coming further northwards, on June 21, he rises 
before four a.m., reaches a noon-day altitude of 
62° (more than two-thirds the way from horizon 
to zenith—+.e., the point overhead), and sets after 
eight p.m., this being the longest day. After 
this, the days diminish and the phenomena of 
the daily motion are reversed. Further north- 
wards, however, the days in summer are yet 
longer than for London ; for Edinburgh, seven- 
teen and a half hours long on June 21, and 
over eighteen hours in the Shetland Islands (lati- 
tude 60°N.). 
Further north still the sun will be above 
the horizon for a yet longer time, and at 
latitude 663° N. it will not set at all on the 
longest day, but will merely touch the horizon 
at “midnight? and the phenomenon of the 
Midnight Sun will occur. For places yet further 
north, within the Arctic Circle (latitude 663° N. 
to the pole), there will be periods during which 
the sun will not set at all, but like a circum- 
polar star, will describe complete circles in the 
sky above the horizon, having its greatest alti- 
tude at noon, and being lowest down at “ mid- 
night.”’ 
Thus at Hammerfest, latitude 704° N., the 
sun will be above the horizon continuously 
from the end of May to nearly the end of 
: : 10 g Photo by] LZ. Slep, F.L.S. 
July, having an altitude of 43° (its maxi- THE SMALLER HORN-TAIL WASP. 
mum amount) at noon on June Diawancde ot This species differs from the other in colouring as well as 
° size. It is of a uniform dark steely-blue colour, and its ‘* horn- 
4 only at midnight, not far above the 
tail’’ is less prominent. 
