glo Marvels of the Untverse 
arranged rows of cells, which are internally covered with still smaller flask-shaped cells, which are 
attached to the wall of the “ whip chamber,” as the cavity is called, by their convex bases, while from 
the open mouth of each flask protrudes a single cilia or thread, which is about one three-thousandth 
‘ 
part of an inch long. All this elaborate arrangement is, as can be imagined, on the minutest scale 
possible, yet every single flask is a separate entity—a complete individual. By the motion of the cilia 
it causes a constant flow of fresh water. From it, it sucks out all available nutriment, and again by 
a contrary motion of the cilia it passes away the impoverished stream. 
A very much magnified section of a complex sponge is shown in the lower illustration on page 908. 
Here can be seen the circular (or rather polygonal) whip chambers and the branched channels which 
lead from the pores and to the oscules of the sponge. The difference between a simple and a complex 
sponge is not so great as it at first appears. To put it briefly : The whip chambers are ranged neatly 
round the oscule, or 
central mouth, of the 
simple sponge, and the 
water channels lie 
directly between the 
external and internal 
surfaces. In the com- 
plex sponge the sponge 
wall has become elabo- 
rately folded, so that 
the water channels are 
also folded, and branch 
out into further aux- 
iliary canals, which, in 
their turn, connect 
with auxiliary oscules. 
The late Professor 
Huxley summed up 
the nature and organi- 
zation of a_ living 
sponge in a paragraph 
which is worth re- 
membering. He de- 
THE FOUR-HORNED PIEBALD RAM 
In this species the horns, which in the domestic Sheep are non-evident, have attained a 
moni OF gamle of sub-aqueous city, 
scribed it as “a kind 
where the people are arranged about the streets and roads in such a manner that each can easily 
appropriate his food from the water as it passes along.”’ 
SOME WONDERFUL SHEEP 
BY W. P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S. 
ALL the various breeds of animals which man, in every quarter of the globe, has gathered around 
him, can be traced to different species of wild animals. And we commonly lose sight of one very 
significant fact in this connection ; and that is, that only certain species of wild animals have 
proved capable of domestication, and these have given rise to races which are often characterized 
by the extravagant development of one or more parts of the body. 
These singular forms most of us seem to regard as out of court when considering the marvels of 
Nature. They are held to be “ unnatural’”’ products. In so far as they are not found in a state 
