1154 Marvels of the Untverse 
Photo by) [B. J. Spitta. 
THE CRICKET’S DRUM. 
The clear space a little to the left on the wing-case is an area of tense membrane 
like the head of a drum. Upon this the friction of the *““bow’’ produces the 
Cricket’s chirping note. 
is the uppermost—will com- 
municate vibration to the 
areas of membrane (the drums) 
more or less intense in pro- 
portion to the rapidity of the 
friction, and thus produces the 
sound for which the creature 
is noted.” 
But M. Goureau, who has 
paid much attention to all 
classes of noise made by in- 
sects, goes still further into 
detail, for he believes that the 
“bow” already mentioned 
really plays on the other ner- 
vures which he even names 
“the treble strings,” and that 
by this peculiar arrangement 
the sound is produced. 
It does not seem to be 
known what object the little creature has in making this noise, for if disturbed it ceases it at once. 
The gizzard, which is a bag for grinding up the food—taking the place in the internal economy 
Photo by] (2. J. Spitta. 
CRICKET’S GIZZARD. 
A bag-like organ fitted with rows of powertul horny teeth which tear and 
break down the food before it is passed to the stomach. 
of the insect of the functions 
performed by our teeth and 
mastication—is a muscular 
organ placed in the Cricket at 
the end of the food-pipe, and 
is peculiarly powerful for so 
small a creature. [In the 
photo it is seen to consist of 
horny teeth arranged in this 
bag more like the spokes of 
a wheel than anything else. 
The teeth are decidedly power- 
ful, and this has been ex- 
plained to be necessary be- 
cause of the hard substances 
which are eaten by this little 
insect. 
The tongue, as seen highly 
magnified on page 1153, is 
extremely elegant and beauti- 
ful, but differs very materially 
from the proboscis of the blow- 
fly and other suctorial insects, 
inasmuch as it has no trace of 
suctorial tubes. What its 
exact use can be is not certain, 
unless simply to lick up food 
