1150 Marvels of the Universe 
Photo by] (J. Holmes. 
CADDIS-CASES. 
Some of the miscellaneous materials with which Caddis- 
worms fortify their silken tubes. 
ay 
SSeS 
LZ. Step, F.L.S. 
Photoby] 
CADDIS-FLY. 
The Caddis-worm ultimately develops into a fly with four 
brownish wings clothed with hairs. 
materials, and also its own ideas archi- 
tectural. But whatever the material em- 
ployed or the ultimate appearance of the 
finished case, the basis of all of them is a 
silken tube, spun under water by the infant 
Caddis-worm, to which the exterior orna- 
mentation of whatever kind is attached. 
Some of the Caddis-cases of heavy 
material have a counterpoise in the shape of 
a little stick of wood, longer than the case, 
and extending beyond each end. The 
Caddis-worm protrudes only its head and 
six legs out of the front opening, and so 
drags its case about, but can instantly 
withdraw its head on sighting danger. In 
due course it changes to a pupa, but first 
makes ready by attaching the case to some 
fixed object, and then closing the open ends 
by silken nets or by small stones, according 
to species. At the proper time, the pupa 
escapes from its case and crawls up to the 
surface of the water, or beyond, and emerges 
from the pupa-skin as a fly with four brown 
wings, which are sparsely covered with 
hairs, and a pair of antenne longer than the 
body. 
A FOUR-EYED FISH 
BY W. P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S., ETC. 
In the matter of their eyes fishes display 
some very extraordinary modifications, some 
of which, at any rate, seem to be directly 
related to the mode of life of their possessors. 
But of all the instances of this. kind so 
far collected the strange South American 
“ Four-eye,’ or Anableps, is perhaps the 
most remarkable. Briefly, each eye 1s 
divided horizontally into an upper and a 
lower portion, the one adapted for vision in 
the upper world, the other for vision in the 
water. So far as our knowledge of these 
strange fishes goes, they seem to find the 
bulk of their food by a survey of the surface 
of the water, and not, as is usual, by sight- 
ing it more or less distant from the surface. 
In seeking food, at any rate, they appear 
always to swim at the surface, working 
their way upstream, and in small “ schools.” 
