BRACHIOPODA-—THOMSON. 45 
Eucalathis murrayt (Davidson).—Between Kermadec Islands and Fiji, 600 
fathoms. 
Frenulina sanguinolenta (Gmelin).—New Caledonia, Tonga, Tahiti, Honolulu, 
Philippines, also Australia and Japan. 
Terebratella (?) frielei Davidson (?).—Philippines. The type is from Halifax. 
Schuchert considers that the Austral Region is closely connected faunally with 
Oceanica, but although the long eastern coast-line of Australia offers a favourable means 
of communication, the above lists do not bear out his contention. The presence of 
shallow water species of Lingula from Sydney northward certainly supports a former 
land connection through the Indo-Malayan Archipelago with the Philippine Islands and 
Eastern Asia. Similarly the presence of Frenulina sanguinolenta, which is also a species 
frequenting warm and shallow waters, suggests former land connections between North 
Australia and the Pacific Islands. These two elements, however, do not belong 
to the Southern Australian fauna developed between Sydney and South Australia, 
which is a typical southern fauna with peculiarities of its own, and with 
little if any relationship to the present fauna of Oceanica. Crania, Terebratulina, 
Liothyrella, Terebratella, and Magellania, are, as we shall presently find, genera which 
are widespread iu the southern seas. Kraussina occurs also at South Africa and Meger- 
lina at the Island of St. Paul. Cryptopora and Argyrotheca are not represented elsewhere 
in the southern seas, but occur in the Atlantic-Mediterranean districts, and with 
Kraussina and Megerlina point to an old Gondwana land element which did not reach 
the American and Antarctic coasts, and is absent from the Pacific Islands. Aetheia, 
Murravia, Magadina, Canpages, and Aldingia are not as yet known outside Australian 
seas, but the first three occur in the Oamaruian of New Zealand, and Aetheia also in 
the Patagonian of South America. 
THE NEW ZEALAND DISTRICT. 
The following species are found off the New Zealand coasts :— 
Crania huttont Thomson. —Cook Strait. 
Hemithyris nigricans (Sowerby).—Foveaux Strait to Cook Strait, 19-30 
fathoms, Whangaroa Harbour (Murdoch), Chatham Islands (Hutton). 
Liothyrella neozelanica Thomson. —Cook Strait, 50 fathoms: or more. 
Liothyrella sp. Thomson. —Foveaux Strait. 
Amphithyris buckmant Thomson. —Cook Strait, 50 fathoms or more. 
Neothyris lenticularis (Deshayes).—Foveaux Strait, 15 fathoms; off Oamaru, 
35-43 fathoms (Suter); on cable, Cook Strait, 90 fathoms (young). 
Neothyris ovalis (Hutton).—Farewell Spit. 
