LEGUMES—FOR SOIL BUILDING—COVER CROPS 
AUSTRIAN WINTER PEAS get most of their nitrogen from the air. Legumes are the farmers’ nitrogen factories and a good crop of 
Austrian Winter Peas takes out of the air as much nitrogen as there is in 600 to 800 pounds of nitrate of soda. 
AUSTRIAN WINTER PEAS are winter hardy, make early growth, provide winter grazing, prevent erosion, make a large contribu- 
tion of organic matter and nitrogen to the soil. 
Austrian Winter Peas 
(Pisum Arvense) 
Inoculate Seed With Nitragin **C’’ 
Maintaining soil fertility is one of the farmer’s most per- 
plexing problems. lhis wonderful pea makes a heavy vine 
growth that will decay rapidly when plowed under. This 
same soil is then in shape for planting cotton or corn, and 
the increased yield on such crops following the growing of 
a crop of Austrian Winter Peas will surprise you. 
This great Pea is closely related to the garden pea. On | 
fertile soil the vines will reach a length of five teet or more, 
the bloom being reddish purple, resembling the sweet pea. 
As a soil building crop, its points of superiority over other 
winter legumes are that it makes a much heavier tonnage 
of growth per acre, thus giving a large amount of organic 
matter to turn under in the spring. 
Nicholson's Austrian Winter Peas should be plowed under 
two or three weeks before a succeeding crop is to be plant- 
ed. The vines decay very rapidly and in this manner you 
get the maximum benefit as a green manure crop. The 
nitrogen stored in your soil in this manner is equivalent to 
200 to 300 pounds of Nitrate of Soda per acre and your 
succeeding crop will increase in yield. 
A heavy tonnage of hay can be obtained where the peas 
are planted with oats, the oats acting as a support for the 
peas and seem to encourage their growth. The peas and oats 
can be cut in the spring and make dandy feed. 
Cattle, sheep, mules and hogs will graze on a field of 
Austrian Peas and enjoy it. These peas are rich in food value. 
The most economical manner is to plant Austrian peas in 
rows. In doing this, one should plant in three-foot rows such 
as in planting corn, then turn back and plant between the 
rows, this giving you 18-inch rows when finished. It requires 
only 30 pounds to plant an acre in this way. 
If wanted for pasture or hay, sow broadcast, 60 pounds to 
the acre; also 60 pounds to the acre when sown with an 
ordinary grain drill. 
If you desire to sow with small grain such as oats, we 
suggest sowing one or two bushels of oats to the acre about 
as deep as the drill put the oats, and then plant back over 
the oats with the peas at the rate of 30 to 40 pounds to the 
acre, putting the peas just deep enough to cover good, with- 
out disturbing the oats. 
Vetches 
inoculate Seed With Nitragin ’C” 
AUSTRIAN WINTER PEAR 
IMPROVE YOUR SOILS WITH LEGUMES 
Singletary Peas 
This wild winter pea was discovered in 
Louisiana and has proven to be an excellent 
cover crop for the South, producing a heavy 
tonnage of green matter for plowing under for 
soil improvement. Very good for winter grazing 
Vetches planted with Nicholson's Austrian 
Winter Peas and oats make an excellent com- 
bination of feed for milch cows. Sow in fall 
or early spring. Vetch is a splendid forage 
plant. This annual winter legume has been 
growing greatly in favor with the farmers and 
dairymen of the South. Vetch is very hardy 
and is a most valuable winter cover crop. 
Vetch grows best when sown with grain, such 
as oats. Sow 50 pounds Vetch with 30 pounds 
of oats to the acre. The oats will act as a sup- 
port to the Vetch. We strongly recommend the 
planting of this wonderful soil-building plant. 
Willamette or 
Common Vetch 
(Vicia Sativa) 
Common Vetch is less widely grown in the 
South than Hairy Vetch, possibly because it is 
less hardy. This variety will stand the coldest 
weather of an ordinary winter. 
Hairy Winter Vetch 
(Vicia Villosa) 
This most popular variety is partly mis- 
named, as a large portion of the plants pro- 
duced are smooth instead of hairy. 
Hairy Vetch is well adapted as a winter 
crop in the South to grow in rotation with 
other crops. This variety is often planted on 
Johnson grass land in the fall; following its 
harvest, two or three crops of Johnson Grass 
hay are usually cut. If planted early in the 
fall, it will cover the ground before frost and 
make a valuable winter forage crop. 
Texas 
Vetch Seed 
Several areas in Texas (also Oklahoma) are 
now producing Hairy Winter Vetch seed for 
planting purposes in large commercial quan- 
tities. Vetch seed is a good cash crop and if 
production proves consistent, it will mean more 
dollars for these areas. It has been a success- 
ful crop for several years. 
when planted with small grain. One of its best 
features is that it will reseed itself. Do not graze 
after seed pods have formed, as it will cause 
serious digestive trouble in all stock. Plant 20 
pounds to acre with grain or 40 pounds if 
planted alone. 
Dixie Wonder Peas 
This new cover crop was developed in Ore- 
gon a few years ago. Produces a rapid growing 
vine and if planted by October, is ready to plow 
under early in the year in time for planting 
early corn, etc. In reality it is an early matur- 
ing type of Austrian Winter Peas. Try it this 
season. Plant in rows 30 pounds to the acre or 
50 pounds broadcast. 
Canada Field Peas 
(Pisum Sativum Arvense) 
Inoculate Seed With Nitragin “’C” 
Canada Peas improve fhe soil py gathering 
and storing nitrogen. They yield heavy crops 
that may be either grazed or made into hay 
that stock eat greedily and thrive on. They 
grow four to six feet high, but can be grazed 
when six to ten inches high. Pasturing the peas 
makes them stool out better. Sow as you would 
Vetch. 
YOU SEE IT EVERY DAY! 
In driving through the country you will notice many abandoned farms; in many instances these are but examples— 
farms that have produced crops year after year with no effort to replace the plant food. 
Many farmers do not realize that every crop taken off their land carries with it plant food from the soil. Unless some 
method of returning this plant food is practiced, the supply gradually diminishes until the land can no longer supply the 
required food and the crop yield grows smaller and smaller, finally resulting in complete crop failure. 
Cover crops are one of the most profitable methods used to replenish plant foods in the soil... with rather quick returns 
for your expense and trouble. 
Cover crops furnish pasture through the winter months and give a cutting of hay in the spring, or provide a green manure 
crop to plow under before the spring planting of field crops. 
Alfalfa, Clovers, Vetches and Nicholson’s Austrian Winter Peas, described in this catalog, are legumes that take nitrogen 
from the air and stere it in the soil. Nitrogen is the most valuable of the plant foods. 
Not only do cover crops put nitrogen in the soil, but are almost equally as valuable, especially to tight, close soils, for 
the humus they contribute. Humus will tighten up loose sand soils or loosen up tight sticky land. 
There is no reason for farm lands to remain idle through the winter months. Every farmer should plant one or more of 
these crops—every fall. 
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ROBERT NICHOLSON SEED CO. 
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DALLAS, TEXAS 
