Faminy CALLIPHORIDAER 47 
genus and species.’ Instead, a generalized description of the 
parts is offered below. The terminology employed is that pro- 
~ posed by Lowne (1890-1895) unless otherwise noted. 
Abdomen. The abdomen, as the term is used in taxonomic 
literature of the muscoid flies, is composed of the first five seg- 
ments, the first tergite being fused with the second (indicated 
mainly by the presence of its spiracle), so that the abdomen is 
apparently four-segmented dorsally. The sclerite formed by the 
fusion of the first and second abdominal tergites has always been 
called the first in taxonomic literature and I adhere to this prac- 
tice. The first sternite is large and may be seen without dif- 
ficulty, the second to the fourth sternites are usually smaller 
and narrower, and the fifth and last obvious sternite often large 
and deeply emarginate. Each apparent tergite, except the first, 
bears a pair of spiracles, one on each side. These five segments 
comprise what has been“termed the ‘‘abdomen.’’ The remaining 
segments, with their appendages, have been referred to frequently 
as the ‘‘postabdomen.’’ 
Genital segments of male. In the male, the sixth tergite is 
nearly fused with, and often considered a part of, the following 
segment. It is a narrow ribbonlike sclerite, and usually bears 
one or two rows of strong marginal bristles. 
The homologies of the remaining tergites and sternites are un- 
eertain. What is herein termed first genital segment (GS I) is 
the first large dorsal sclerite behind the fifth tergite. This seg- 
ment bears a spiracle on each side, and has often been considered 
the combined seventh and eighth tergites, but Crampton (1936, 
1941) shows it to be a composite segment composed of sternites 
seven and eight. Another spiracle anterolaterally in the tergite 
is possibly the sixth. According to Patton (1934) the species of 
Calliphoridae lack a sclerotized eighth abdominal spiracle. The 
next large dorsal sclerite is called second genital segment (GS 
II). Sehrdder (1927) considers the segment to be composed of 
circumvested sternites because of the looping of certain internal 
sexual parts over the rectum and Crampton (ibid.) concurs in 
this opinion. By others this segment is considered to be the 
ninth tergite. It is the actual genital segment. 
1For further information on these parts, see Lowne (1890-1895), Briiel, 
(1897, p. 511-618), Schréder (1927), Townsend (1934), and Graham-Smith 
(1989). 
Comparisons of the internal anatomy of these flies are mainly from the 
published works of Townsend (1934-1937) for Pollenia, Callitroga, Proto- 
phormia, Calliphora, Lucilia, Phaenicia, and Cynomyopsis; Keilin (1915) 
for Pollenia; Dufour (1844-45) for Rhyncomyia and Stomorhina; Lowne 
(1890-1895) for Calliphora; Siebold (1838) for soceted Graham- Smith 
(19389) for Calliphora. 
