INTRODUCTION 19 
intended to be consumed unwashed and raw must be protected 
from blowflies in open stores and market places. 
Garbage disposal. Cell-type sanitary fills may be used for 
garbage disposal, or garbage may be incinerated or buried. 
Under any circumstanées the method used for garbage disposal 
must reduce odors, and the remains must not be left attractive 
to blowflies. 
KHacrement. Human excrement must never be exposed to con- 
erecating or feeding blowflies. This is a matter of extreme public 
health importance in situations where such flies may later have 
aecess to foods intended for human consumption. In cities and 
towns, modern systems of disposal are usually available. In areas 
where such systems are not present, it is necessary for other 
arrangements to be made. Away from access to proper toilet 
facilities an individual may use a small hole dug in the ground 
with a stick, and cover the feces with earth. Small military units 
in bivouac areas for 1 week or less may provide a straddle trench 
approximately 1 foot wide, 4 feet long, and 2 feet deep, for 
each 25 men. Sufficient earth should be replaced over the material 
by each user of the trench to prohibit feeding by blowflies. The 
thorough spraying of the trench and immediate surrounding 
area with a 5-perecent DDT solution will largely prevent fecal | 
contamination of human foods by flies attracted to such latrines. 
The trench must be completely covered with earth upon closing 
the camp. Semipermanent or permanent camps call for the 
digging of deep-pit latrines to be covered by box-type sanitary 
privies. Such boxes should be treated with 5-percent DDT oil 
solution on a weekly basis. Paradichlorobenzene crystals should 
be seattered in dry, deep, pits at the rate of 2 ounces per hole 
twice each week. 
Construction jobs should be provided with latrines at every 
point where laborers may be working. These latrines must be 
inspected regularly to see that they are maintained in proper 
sanitary condition. Under no circumstance should the open 
ground be used as a latrine. Privies may be built on skids and 
placed over pits 3 or 4 feet deep on work projects which may 
last longer than 1 week. These movable privies, treated with 
DDT as a residual, may be transferred once or twice each week 
to new locations over newly dug pits. The transfer is easily made 
by means of bulldozer equipment which may then push and 
pack earth into the old pit with a minimum of time and effort. 
Blowitlies will not frequent darkened pits unless the contents are 
definitely malodorous. The constant moving of temporary privies 
over new pits and the filling of the old pits is an excellent and 
