SUBFAMILY CALLIPHORINAE 247 
Southwest. In Menard Co., Tex., Parish and Cushing (1939b) 
found adults to oceur throughout the year, but most abundantly 
about the first of June and again about the first of August. It 
was the most abundant species of Phaenicia in this area. Speci- 
mens from Arizona were collected at an elevation of 5,300 feet. 
Notwithstanding the fact that mexicana occurs throughout Cen- 
tral America, it is not an abundant species south of Mexico City 
and Campeche in Mexico. Only a few specimens were collected 
at Tapachula or Ixtapee in southern Mexico, and none in any 
of the other Central or South American countries. 
Phaenicia pallescens (Shannon), new combination 
Lucilia pallescens Shannon, Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 12:78, 
1924; Wash. Ent. Soe. Proce. 28(6) :181, 1926. (Type, male 
from Wilmington, N. C., No. 26689, in U. S. National 
Museum. ) 
Phaenicia argyrocephala Malloch (nee Macquart), Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)17:506, 1926. 
Luctia cuprina Shannon (nee Wiedemann), Wash. Ent. Soe. 
Proc. 28:1381, 1926; Malloch, Linn. Soe. N. S. Wales, Proce. 
o2:021, 1927; Bezzi, Bull. Ent. Res. 17 :288, 1926. 
Phaenicia pallescens (Shannon) has been considered to be a 
synonym of Lucila argyrocephala of South Africa or of Lucilia 
cuprina of Asia and Australia. All three names have erroneously 
been treated as synonyms by some authors; but Oriental, African, 
and Australian specimens identified as Phaenmcia cuprina differ 
from typical specimens of Phaenicia pallescens of North America 
in having the front at the narrowest not so wide in comparison 
with the head width, the bueca proportionately higher in com- 
parison with the eye height, the lateral margins of the para- 
frontale in the female narrow from the vertex toward the lunule. 
and narrowest about 1.5 to 2.0 above the lunule. 
Because of the apparent biological differences between the 
Australian cuprina and the species that has been known as 
cuprina in North America, series of larvae were sent to Mr. E. F. 
Knipling, Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, 
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, and reared adults 
were forwarded to me by Mr. I. M. Mackerras of Canberra, 
Australia. 
Patton (1920) had reported that the anterior spiracles of the 
oriental larvae of cuprina were comprised of from six to eight 
branches, Fuller (1932, p. 83) had described the anterior spira- 
eles of third-instar larvae of the Australian form as having 
