6 APHIDS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION 
place and a greatly increased number of adults will result. They 
may even be shipped in this sort of container if sufficient packing of 
paper is inserted to prevent bumping about of the piece of plant and 
resulting damage to the aphids. If the journey is longer than two 
or three days this method is not advisable and the entire specimen 
should simply be put into a vial with 70% alcohol or rubbing alcohol 
or better still the adult aphids may be picked off with a fine brush 
and put into the alcohol. 
The preferred method of preparation if a considerable number 
of specimens are to be sent to a specialist for determination is to 
have the aphids mounted on slides. Directions for mounting aphids 
may be found in a paper by E. O. Essig (1948:9). 
The aphids may be mailed to any State Agricultural Experiment 
Station or to an aphidologist. : 
ABBREVIATIONS 
When abbreviations are used in any of the figures showing 
aphid structures, they are used as follows: 
Al. Alate or summer alata S. ~ Stigma 
Ant. Antenna Hd. Ta. Hind tarsus 
AiP: Anal plate Hd. Ti. Hind tibia 
Apt. Apterous or summer __ T.S. Tibial spines or hairs 
aptera on dorsal side of 
Ca. Cauda middle of hind tibia 
Co. Cornicle U. Unguis of antennal VI 
E. Eye Ver. Vertex 
Fund. Fundatrix or stem Viv. Viviparous female or 
mother vivipara 
Gon. Gonopophyses I, II, etc. (if not otherwise 
Ovip. Oviparous or ovipara designated) Antennal 
R. Rostrum* segments of corres- 
7 ponding number 
oe Male 2 
Q Gamic or oviparous 
female or ovipara 
*The rostrutn is here considered to be five-segmented following the terminology of 
Mordvilko (1914:79). The tip or terminal segment is accordingly segment V, the pre- 
ceding tapering segment is segment IV, and the preceding thicker or broader segment 
is segment III. In most groups of aphids segments IV and V are fused and this portion 
of the rostrum is designated as rostral IV+V. 
Figure 1 
Aphid external anatomy and life cycle forms illustrating terms used in this 
work. Using as illustration subfamily Aphinae. Life cycle figures (X15) are 
Aphis helianthi Monell except apterous male which is Aphis rociadae Cockerell. 
