366 CO, Capacity of Blood. IV 
much reduced, that a further reduction is induced by anesthesia 
and operation, and that administration of alkali intravenously 
is beneficial. 
In view of these facts, particularly Cannon’s observations, it 
seemed to us important to determine whether trauma per se 
apart from excessive pulmonary ventilation and reduction in the 
body’s content of CO, would cause a reduction in the CO, capacity 
of the blood. As Protocols 1 and 2 show, the answer is clearly in 
the negative. In general the analytical methods employed were 
similar to those used in the previous papers of this series. 
Experiment 1. —Dog, female, 9 kilos. General intestinal trauma. The 
animal breathed air containing a sufficient percentage of CO: to Drewes 
loss due to hyperpnea. 
ae) Blood CO:. : 
Time. Condition. ore gente 
: O¢$ Con- Ca- | sure. 
SO tent. | pacity. 
‘ p.m. per cent Bi ay ane si deals 
3.20 | Normal. 48 49 
3.30 | Morphine, 0.18 gm. 
4.30 57 54 122 
5.00 | CO, started. 7.3 130 
5.10 | Intestinal trauma started. tee 
5.40 | Intestines very congested. 54 51 100 
6.10 “ engorged. 54 51 
6.13 | Accidental hemorrhage of about 100 cc. 
6.40 | Manipulation stopped. (6h e8b2, 50 78 
7.10 | Heart stopped. Respiration continued for a minute or two. 
Death in this case was probably due to the large amount of 
blood which stagnated in the traumatized viscera and to loss of 
heat. Such a death may be assigned to shock, but it is a shock of 
a different type from that induced by less trauma when the CO2. 
of the body is greatly reduced. 
In the following experiments we have employed a method of 
inducing shock which avoids the objections above pointed out to 
general visceral trauma. An incision under morphine anesthesia 
was made in the midline of the abdomen over the stomach barely 
large enough to admit the hand. The hand carefully wrapped 
with cotton was then introduced up to the wrist, and the space 
