110 THOMAS SAY FOUNDATION 
close to the eyes as to each other; antennae long and made up of 
about fifty-six segments. 
Pronotum hardly longer than wide; widened posteriorly, the 
sides normally broadly convex with rounded angles; surface 
rather smooth, and covered with long hairs, especially around 
the margin; marginal groove noticeable only along the anterior 
margin. Wing pads of female much larger than those of male. In 
some of the male nymphs the wing pads are very small, and such 
nymphs undoubtedly give rise to the brachypterous adults. Front 
wing pads nearly as wide as hind ones, lying either parallel with 
the body, or more often somewhat converging posteriorly ; hind 
wing pads more or less parallel, the anal area hardly reaching 
beyond the middle of the wing case; wing pads with long hairs, 
especially around the margins. Legs hairy and with a sparse 
fringe of long hairs on the outer margin; first tarsal segment at 
least twice as long as second. 
Abdomen subeylindric; widest in the middle portion, hairy, 
especially on the posterior margins of the individual segments; 
cerci made up of thirty to thirty-five segments, each terminating 
in a whorl of hairs, some of which are longer than the segments. 
The sexes are readily recognizable. In the female, the tenth ab- 
dominal tergite is broadly rounded and slightly produced, but 
otherwise unmodified. In the male, the tenth tergite is similar to 
that of the female except that in the middle, and somewhat below 
the posterior margin, it bears a short tubercle less than half as 
long as the tenth tergite. Within this tubercle develops the supra- 
anal process of the adult male. 
Gills absent. 
Mouth parts of the herbivorous type, as in Allocapnia. 
Labrum less than twice as wide as long; front margin normally 
somewhat concave in the middle; surface sparsely coated with 
long hairs and on the anterior margin with a thick fringe of short 
ones. Mandibles asymmetrical, with about five or six teeth, which 
in some specimens are sharp, and in others quite blunt; beyond 
these teeth a rather narrow molar and a series of stiff hairs. Maxil- 
lae: lacinia terminating in several blunt denticles followed by a 
fringe of hairs. Galea about as long as lacinia, at the apex a num- 
ber of small tubercles and long hairs. Labium similar in structure 
to that of Allocapnia except that the glossae in C. vernalis are 
as long as, or slightly longer than, the paraglossae. Both glossae 
and paraglossae bear at the tips many small tubercles and hairs. 
Labial palpus does not extend to the tip of the paraglossae. Hypo- 
