6 T HE 7A U DU BiOgNe ae Uala Ee Ee 
less the newcomer drove him off and himself started to “ant”, but was 
driven away by a grey squirrel. 
* Cowbird. Not common. Seen in summer ‘38-41 (8.L.). First seen 
by us in summer in '49 (Nice ’50); young out of the nest being fed by 
cardinals July 31°50 (N.). 
** Cardinal. First established as a breeding bird in Lincoln Park in 
1936 (Clark and Nice '50:383). First recorded in Jackson Park Mar. 23'24 
and Apr. 28’33 by Mr. Charles Decker. First individual seen by us a 
female in winter of ‘37-38. Nest with 3 young July 1; grown young beg- 
ging throughout Aug., 4 families Sept. 9, 11, one family Sept. 26°49; 
young begging June 13, Aug. 9; 3 families Sept. 3, one Sept. 2450 (N.). 
a Song Sparrow. Nest found in cattails about 1980; a visitor was 
feeding bread to the young. (A.L.). Now a transient only. 
There are 35 species in the list. Nests with eggs or young have been 
found of 29 species; young recently out of the nest seen of three additional 
species. Two others, screech owl and chimney swift, have undoubtedly 
nested, while the yellow-billed cuckoo may have done so. The personal 
list of the Nices includes nests found of 12 species, young recently out of 
the nest of three more, and the presence recorded in summer of 12 ad- 
ditional species, a total of 27. 'We are indebted to our friends for records 
of nesting of 19 species. 
Many of the birds that undoubtedly bred in this region before it was 
landscaped have vanished from the area. Dr. Stoddard writes me that 
robins, grackles, and house sparrows were common from 1913 to 1920. 
“T think that if many more species had been nesting in the park at that 
time I would have mentioned them in my notes.” Redwings and song 
sparrows used to nest in beds of cattails, but these were cleared out in 
1936. There are early records — one in the twenties — of black-billed 
cuckoo and red-headed woodpeckers breeding, and in the early forties of 
yellow warbler, house wren, screech owl and purple martin nesting. The 
owls left when their hollow tree was cut down, the martins when their 
box was moved under the trees. Martins could undoubtedly be brought 
back if a house were erected for them out in the open. 
Recent additions seem to be the mourning dove, wood thrush and blue 
jay. Cardinals and starlings have appeared as breeding birds within the 
last 25 years. 
Lincoln Park, 1189 acres on the lake shore some ten miles north of 
Jackson Park, has a list of 31 breeding species (Clark and Nice 1950:34). 
(To the list as published should be added the redbellied woodpecker, 
Centurus carolinsis, a pair of which was seen coming out of a hole in 
July by H. K. Coale (Ridgway 1889:386). Most of the species are the 
same for the two parks. For Lincoln Park only, we have records of 
yellow-billed cuckoo, red-bellied woodpecker, orchard oriole, red-eyed 
towhee and chipping sparrow. For Jackson Park only, we have records 
for green heron, black-billed cuckoo, chimney swift, kingfisher, phoebe, 
tree swallow and wood thrush. 
It is interesting to note which species learn to associate man with 
