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food. In Jackson Park domestic pigeons, house sparrows and grackles 
are the most enthusiastic pensioners. Brown thrashers soon learn to 
come for bread and peanuts and cardinals do so to some extent. Starlings 
very seldom join the group except when hard pressed by demands from 
nearly grown young. Robins keep their independence. 
In other parks in this country, tufted titmice and blue jays shared 
our lunch in Boyle’s Park near Little Rock, Arkansas, and the same was 
true of California jays in Griffith Park near Los Angeles and Steller’s 
jays in the Yosemite. Wild mourning doves came to peanuts thrown to 
them in the San Diego Zoo. 
In 1949, when I was watching red-eyed vireos from June 18 to July 
3, I made a rather tentative nesting census of Wooded Island: green 
heron, 1 pair; mourning dove, 6 pairs; flicker, 3; wood pewee, 1; brown 
thrasher, 3; catbird, 1; robin, 10?; starling, 8?; red-eyed vireo, 1; house 
sparrow, 3; cowbird, 2; grackle, 3; cardinal, 5. 13 species, 47 pairs more 
or less on the 18 acres, averaging 2.6 pairs to the acre. 
This list of breeding birds for Jackson Park during the last 40 years 
seems fairly adequate, largely due to the observations of our friends, 
particularly the intensive work of Seymour Levy from 1938 to 1941 
and the many records of Dr. Lewy; as well as to our own field work 
in 1949 and 1950. Nevertheless, in many respects the results are meager. 
If we had all taken full notes at each visit of the birds present, of the 
birds singing, of the contents of each nest found, of the behavior of 
adults and young, what a wealth of interesting, valuable material we 
could have accumulated! 
We are fortunate in Chicago in the fact that some of our parks are 
attractive to birds throughout the year. We need not neglect the parks 
in summer for they offer rich opportunities for study of our nesting 
birds. For example, I have been able to make partial nest studies of 
red-eyed vireo and wood pewee on the Wooded Island. But we must be 
on our guard to protect the trees and shrubbery from destruction by those 
who have charge of them. 
5725 Harper Ave., Chicago, Illinois 
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References 
CLARK, C. T. and M. M. Nice. 1950. William Dreuth’s Study of Bird Migration in Lincoln 
Park, Chicago. Special Publication No. 8. Chicago Academy of Science: 1-48. 
CLark, E. B. 1899. Midsummer in the Parks. A Rose-decked Warbler’s Home. Chicago 
Tribune. Aug. 20. 
DECKER, M. and J. 1949 Jackson Park Birds. Illinois Audubon Bulletin, No. 72:4-8. 
GauLt, B. T. 1937. Reminiscences of Early Experiences in the Chicago Area. [Illinois 
Audubon Annual Bulletin, No. 27:19-21. 
JENKINS, D. 1944. Territory as a Result of Despotism and Social Organization in Geese. 
Auk, 61:30-47. 3 
Nice, M. M. 1950. Red-eyed Vireos in Jackson Park. Illinois Audubon Bulletin, No. 73:1-4. 
Rweway, R. 1889. The Ornithology of Illinois. I. Springfield, Ill. 
ft rai ft 
New Directors Elected 
FouR NEW MEMBERS have recently been added to the Board of Directors 
of the Illinois Audubon Society. Mr. Francis C. Whitehead, 780 Foxdale 
Avenue, Winnetka, was elected by vote of the officers and directors at the 
