Le reteerAs Use BeOeNe eb Uriah Kellen b) 
feeding habits. Acorns were noted in the scats as were bits of mussel 
shells. Along the shore of many ponds, small piles of freshly cleaned 
mussel shells were common, and it is thought that these were teeding: places 
for raccoons. Muskrats likewise eat mussels, but there was little sign of 
these in the Crooked Fork area. 
Other mammals not affected on the area included beavers (three 
colonies), muskrats, gray squirrels, marmots (one seen), cottontails, and 
swamp rabbit. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels were numerous in the 
headquarters uplands, as were foxes and opossums. One black raccoon 
was seen on October 3. 
Reptiles and Amphibians 
No snakes were seen in the Mississippi bottoms, so little information 
could be obtained from all observers. Frogs were abundant in ponds near 
headquarters and along the highway. Only one dead frog was examined, 
while in the same pond 20 live ones, including one large leopard frog (Rana 
pipiens), were checked. It was exceedingly difficult to record mortality on 
frogs as each pond had its share of hercens, egrets and raccoons that would 
leave nothing which might have died for evidence each day. Turtles were 
numerous in all ponds and channels and no change could be noted in 
populations or recently killed carcasses found. 
Mollusks 
Fresh-water mussels (Anodonta) were abundant in main channels, 
and from the evidence of feeding by raccoons, no mortality was caused 
by DDT. 
Crustaceans 
DDT proved to be highly toxic to crayfish (Cambarus) at these 
relatively low rates of application. In August in one pond six inches deep 
Mr. Clarke and I observed all the crayfish were on their backs 20 hours 
after the first spraying. The pool still had oil coverage on the surface. 
Three hours later all crayfish (80) were dead in this pool about 10 by 30 
feet in size. 
In October, in checking all sprayed areas no live crayfish were seen 
in the various pools, and only a few active “chimneys” among thousands 
of inactive ones. Fresh mounds by the score and 14 live crayfish were 
observed at the Iowa checking stations. 
Fish 
DDT sprayed at less than one-half pound per acre had little effect 
in the “woods” ponds on fish life. At the spillway into the pool below the 
Bellevue Dam several common shiners were observed with ‘D.T’s,” and it 
is believed the running water carried the oil bearing DDT to the fish in a 
temporary mixing with water. Samples of fish populations were taken by 
a Sweep minnow net at various stations, and no reduction in population 
could be noted. 
We located one poacher on the area, who had a set hoop net on the 
