” 
This is the ONLY study of WINTER HARDINESS of the 15 living species of ‘Redwood Trees 
ONE 
SRO care | 
Lp 
AVERAGE Annval 
LOWEST Temperature for Each Zone 
IONE 1+. & Cent. Canada ZONE 6 - — Sto; 5 
ZONE 2 - —50 to —35 ZONE 7 | Sto 4 10 
ZONE 3 - —35 to —20 ZONE 8 » +10 to +20 
20NE 4 + —20 to —10 ZONE 9 + +420 to +30 
IONE 5 - —10to— 5 ZONE 10 - +430 to +40 
ZONES are an APPROXIMATE basis for choosing 
the kinds of plants which can survive AVERAGE 
winters. People who use EXTRA CARE, who pro- 
tect plants with mulches, wind screens, etc., may 
succeed with a plant in places one or even two 
zones colder than is NORMAL for that plant. Peo- 
ple who give NO special care may lose a plant, 
even in a normal zone, when the first ‘hard win- 
ter’ arrives. 
your own records of LOWEST 
WINTER TEMPERATURES, to determine 
FOREIGN LANDS: Consult 
COPYRIGHT—1951 
by W. Warren Anderson 
REMEMBER—ALL PLANTS when young, are more 
tender to freezing by two or three zones. The “‘in- 
fancy period” of all plants varies from a few 
weeks for annuals to 10 or even 20 years for a 
tree that lives several thousand years. 
The LOWEST winter temperatures each year for 
40 years—recorded by the U.S. Weather Bureau— 
were averaged to outline these zones. This study 
covered 1895 to 1935. 
The Redwood Family (Taxodiaceae) 
15 Living Species— (many extinct species) —for a variety of climates 
"FERN-LIKE' FOLIAGE (except T. ascendens) 
1. TAXODIUM--3 species, 6 or more varieties 
T. distichum--Baldcypress. NOT a cypress, 
but the FIRST Redwood, gave the family its 
scientific name. Deciduous--to 160 ft. -- 750 
years. Dixie. ZONE 3 to 10 
T. ascendens--Pondcypress, ''Little sister" 
of Baldcypress--deciduous--to 50 ft. -- 100 
years or more. Next to smallest Redwood 
Dixie--seldom planted. ZONE 3 to 10. 
T. mucronatum--Montezuma cypress. NOT 
a cypress, probably longest life of the family 
To 170 ft.--45 ft. diam. trunk, Evergreen 
in tropics, deciduous north. ZONE 9 and 10. 
2. METASEQUOIA-ancient ''fossil'' lately found 
still living in western China. Deciduous. 
M. glyptosroboides--Dawn Redwood, | spe - 
cies. To 160 ft., 1000 years. ZONE 3 to 10. 
3. GLYPTOSTROBUS-Chinese Swamp Redwood 
G. heterophyllus--1 species--midget--to 35 
ft.--very thick evergreen foliage. ''Little 
sister'' of Dawn Redwood--swamps. ZONE 9 
and 10. 
4. SEQUOIA -- 1 species, MANY varieties. 
S. sempervirens--California Coast Redwood 
World's tallest--to 365 ft.--2000 years. Ev- 
ergreen--BEST lumber. ZONE 8 to 10 
Midget Redwoods—Hybrid Redwoods 
When present scientific studies are completed, 
it will be possible tolist the Midget and Hybrid 
Redwoods by scientific names. Until then, our 
best guess is—the Midgets will be classed as a 
new SPECIES—the Hybrids will be called VA- 
RIETIES of the Coast Redwood. Now we have 
five Midgets. It appears that we will have 25 
to 50 types of Hybrids. 
"“SCALE-LIKE" FOLIAGE (inc. T. ascendens) 
5. SEQUOIADENDRON--1 species, 3 varieties 
S. giganteum (Sequoia gigantea)-Sierra Red - 
wood, Giant Sequoia, To 300 ft.--35 ft.diam - 
eter--4000 years--evergresn. ZONE 5 to 10 
6. TAIWANIA--1 sp., Formosa and west China 
T. cryptomeriodes--Tiawania. Third tallest 
Redwood--to 200 ft.--evergreen--cone to 1/2 
in. --like Giant Sequoia ZONE 9 and 10. 
7. CRYPTOMERIA--1 species -- 12 varieties 
C. japonica--Cryptomeria, Japanese Cedar 
Evergreen--to 125 ft.--many DWARF vari- 
eties. Like Giant Sequoia. Cones 1/2 inch. 
ZONE 5 to 10. 
8. ATHROTAXIS--3 sp., evergreen, Tasmania 
A. cupressoides--Pencil Pine. Wood used 
for pencils. To 40 ft.--foliage scales tiny, 
hug twigs. Cones to 1 in. ZONE 8 to 10. 
A. selaginoides--King William Pine. To 100 
ft.--evergreen--cone and lumber very like 
the California Coast Redwood! ZONE 9 & 10 
A. laxifolia--Hybrid Pine. Natural HYBRID 
of the two above. Evergreen--to 40 ft.--fol - 
iage tiny 1/4 in. scales. ZONE 8 to 10. 
"ENLARGED-SCALE" FOLIAGE 
9. CUNNINGHAMIA -- 2 species. Evergreen 
C. sinenis (lanceolata)--China Fir. Lumber 
tree of China--to 80 ft. Exotic, bushy. Cones 
pine-like, leaves spiny-pointed. ZONE 8 to 10 
C. Konishii--Formosa Fir. Evergreen--100 
ft. Bark red-brown, silver-white with age. 
Foliage spiny-pointed--cone 1 in. ZONE 9 
and 10. 
10. SCIADOPITYS--1 sp., 2 vars., --evergreen 
S. verticellata--Japanese Umbrella Pine. 
NOT a pine. To 120 ft.--6 in. coarse need- 
les in whorl like umbrella ribs. ZONE 5 to 10 
which Zone applies to YOUR location. 
