14 THB: AL U;D OU BeOON UB UL i ea 
AT THE REFUGE 
The entrance to the refuge at Germfask, Mich., was reached at about 
5:30 P.M. on August 2, and the party was greeted by Dr. Karl Lagler, 
with whom they shared the cabin accommodation during their stay. The 
next morning, in charge of Mr. C. S. Johnson, manager of the refuge, they 
drove around the different roads while he indicated the various pools and 
places where birds were most likely to be found. Right here it may be well 
PHOTO BY KARL E. BARTEL 
Deer on refuge 
to impress the fact that this refuge is not one to be hiked over; it contains 
about 147 square miles and is 20 miles long one way, and all of the birding 
was done with the use of the car. The roads, built upon the dikes con- 
structed to retain the water in the several pools and connecting stream 
channels, are only wide enough for one car, so there was no chance to turn 
around. Whenever a washout or impassable bridge was encountered it 
meant backing up through the soft sand for as far as one or two miles. 
The ensuing 11 days, August 3 to 18 inclusive, were spent by Mr. Bartel 
and Dr. Lewy in repeated visits to the many pools and other spots which 
seemed likely to produce birds. At first individual counts were made, but 
this became impractical as they realized how numerous some species were, 
and that in the attempt new arrivals might be missed as a small wave of 
migrating warblers came in. No unusual ones were included unless identi- 
fied by both observers in order to minimize the percentage of error inherent 
in field identification. In the following list of 122 species seen on or very 
near the refuge, to avoid duplication when numbers are given they are of 
those seen in any one day, and are not intended to represent the whole 
number of any species present on the refuge. No attempt was made to 
differentiate subspecies, the prevailing one being accepted for the region. 
Common loon, 2; pied-billed grebe, 1 with 2 young; cormorant, 2; great 
blue heron, uncounted numbers; American egret, 1; black-crowned night 
heron, 5; bittern, 3; Canada goose, common; mallard, 1; black duck, 30; 
blue-winged teal, 14; wood duck, 3; ring-neck, 1; scaup, 1; hooded mer- 
