el ene Use BOON th Unley Kell uN 7 
by leaves or vines. The construction resembles that of the closely related 
robin in the presence of three layers, of which the middle one is of mud, but 
the nest is less bulky and less sturdily built. The robin, a bird of open 
grassy areas, uses grass extensively in the foundation and lining of its nest. 
The wood thrush, on the other hand, a bird of the woodland, most commonly 
forms its foundation of dead leaves and grapevine bark, with a lining of 
fine rootlets. Thus is illustrated a common rule with wild creatures — the 
utilization of nearby materials instead of going long distances for some 
other, perhaps better, substances for home construction. This rule does not 
always hold, but it is generally true. Curiously enough, nearly every wood 
thrush nest contains a scrap of white paper in its foundation. The question 
arises, what did the species use before paper was available? 
Young spotted sandpipers, shortly after hatching on 
gravel-bar above bridge 
To visitors from the north, the summer tanager may be of interest. 
Easily distinguished from the scarlet tanager by its lighter, rose-red colora- 
tion and a lack of black on the wings and tail, it is not seen as frequently 
as its cousin, but seems to be present every summer. One year a pair built 
their flimsy, shallow nest on one of the horizontal limbs of a large white 
oak which stands beside the cottages near the hotel. 
Other common species of the upland woods and shallow ravines are red- 
bellied, downy and hairy woodpeckers, bluejay, crested flycatcher, tufted 
titmouse, red-eyed vireo, black-capped chickadee, white-breasted nuthatch, 
redstart, and others. Among the hemlocks along the edges of the cliffs, 
cerulean warblers are relatively common. Their presence is usually first 
indicated by the odd buzzing song, with its rising inflexion at the end. 
The cut-over areas of the park, which are now brushy with young trees 
