18 
substances, to exclude the air and rain, 
then the operation is complete. 
Cleft grafting is represented in figure 
B,: where lis the stock and 2 is the 
scion, 
B—Cleft Grafting. 
This is sometimes called triangular 
notch-grafting. Instead of splitting the 
stock a triangular notch is cut in the 
side,and in that the scion is fitted, so 
that the innner barks correspond. The 
scion is kept in position by tying matting 
or other material round it and the stock. » 
It is then surrounded with clay, grafting 
wax, or other substances to exclude the 
air and rain, and the operation is com- 
plete. 
One way of root grafting is represented 
at figure C, where 1 is the scion and 2 
is the root. There are other ways of root 
grafting, the tongue or whip graft being 
largely practised. See figure D, 1, 2, and 
‘3, where 1 represents the root, 2 the 
scion. and 3 the graft cemplete. The 
scion should be tied, clayed, etc., as in 
those above referred to. Crownor bark 
grafting is represented at figure E, where 
Lis the stock and 2 is the scion. This 
mode of grafting is easily performed by 
anyone. The head of the stock is cut 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
October 1, 1908 
ae Se RN RE OE A 
horizontally, and a slit where the scion 
is to be inserted is made just through the 
inner bark. The lowe. end of the scion 
is cut sloping asin whip grafting. A 
D—Root Grafting. 
piece of wood, bone, or ivory, in shape 
somewhat resembling the thin end of the 
scion, is introduced at the top of the slit 
between the alburnum and tne inner 
bark so tnat the thinned end of the scion 
may be entered without being bruised. 
The edges of the bark on each side are 
then brought close to the scion, and the 
whole is bound with matting and clayed, 
Tf so desired three or four more scions 
can be put into the head of a stock if it 
is a large one. On the whole, crown 
grafting is not so good as whip or tongue 
grafting, butit answers well for working 
superior v.rieties on such established 
trees as are not fruitiny satisfactoril). 
Crown grafts are very liable to be blown 
to cut the 
growths back, and support them in sue 
out if care be not taken 
way whilst they are young. 
Saddle-grafting.is sometimes practised 
(see Fig. F, where 1 represents the stock 
and 2 thescion). It cannot be satisfac- 
E—Crown, or Bark 
Grafting. 
F—Saddle 
Grafting. 
torily carried out, however, unless the 
stock and scion are of nearly equal thick- 
ness. The stock is cut sloping on both 
sides like a wedge. The scion is split up 
the centre, and each half is thinned to 
make it astride the wedge-like end of the 
stock. The inner barx of the scion and 
stock having been made to coincide as 
nearly as possible the parts should be 
_secured by a ligature, and covered with 
some grating composition, then the opera- 
tion is complete. 
G—A Pyramidal Pear Tree Regrafted. 
Fruit in Bygone Days. 
Fruit was very rare in England in the 
reign of King Henry VII. Apples were 
not less than one or two shillings each; a 
red rose, two shillings; and a man and 
woman received 8/4 fora small quantity 
of strawberries. It was in about 1547 
that apricots und artichokes were first 
cultivated. The currant came from 
Zante, and was planted in England in 
1533. The pear, peach, apricot, and. 
quince were respectively brought into 
Europe from Epirus, Carthage, Armenia, 
and Syria, and by degrees into Bngland. 
Cherries came from Rome in 55, 
