March 1,-1909 
flies may leave the maggots in these 
cracks, but they never develop to any 
size. It is only when the sediment from 
the bottom of the tin is put on that thi§ 
cracking happens 
In many stud ewe lambs the growth of 
wool over the head forces the eyelids in | 
and these ingrowing eyelids cause great 
irritation and pain; in ram lambs. the 
horns lessen the pressure of wool over the 
eyes. A small piece of skin immediately 
above and below the eyelashes can be cut 
out, and the gap made by this means, when 
healing together, will draw the eyelashes 
out, causing the irritation to cease. 
Complaints regarding ingrowing eyelids 
are much more prevalent than many 
breeders are aware of. 
Ingrowing eyelids, scald, and wool 
blindness, if not attended to, will prevent 
stud weaner ewes from thriving, no 
matter how one may study constitution 
and feed them, The narrow made, short 
stapled, excessively yolky type of sheep 
are not this trouble, as they are not stud 
sheep in any sense, and are a very un- 
suitable type in the general flocks. They 
are bred in flocks where weight per head 
4g made the desired aim, although they 
will occasionally come in any stud. 
Victorian ‘Journal of Agriculture.’ 
oan 2 
Horses not Lying Down. 
Cases not infrequently occur of stabled 
horses acquiring the habit of not lying 
down to sleep at nights, but remaining 
standing up in their stall. This habit is 
a, most objectionable and, in fact, a most 
harmful one, because it prevents the 
horse from obtaining proper rest, and 
that, as may readily be imagined, tells 
adversely both upon the animal’s con- 
' dition and upon its working capacities. 
The legs also suffer very considerable harm 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
when a horse gets in a habit of never 
lying down, since they are never relieved 
of the weight of the body, but have to 
support it in the night time as well as 
during the day. Thus they are subjected 
¢o an unintermittent strain which tends 
to wear them out prematurely. For a 
horse always to remain standing and 
never to lie down is, of course, an entirely 
unnatural habit, To break the animal of 
it once it has become firmly established is 
at best very difficult and oftentimes 
practically impossible. Various causes 
may give rise to this unfortunate and 
harmful stable habit by far the most 
common undoubtedly being stiffness of 
joint resulting from age. Thus some old 
horses habitually refrain from lying down 
at night, or in the daytime either, be- 
cause, owing to their being somewhat stiff 
in their joints, it proves irksome and— 
troublesome to them to lie down and get 
up again. Rather than make the special 
efforts which in their case lying down and 
rising up involve, they prefer to remain 
standing, and to sleep in that uncom- 
foctable position. In this way they 
gradually get into the habit of sleeping 
while standing; and the longer they 
continue in it, the more firmly established 
does it become, until finally nothing will 
induce them to liedown in the stable. 
Sometimes the only reason why’ a horse 
will not lie down at night is the that stall 
is unduly narrow, so that the animal 
cannot move about sufficiently, prepar- 
atory tolying down, Horses are very 
commonly somewhat fidgety when they 
are about to lie down, and like to have 
plenty of room to move about in when 
doing so. Hence it will in some instances 
happen that a horse, on finding its free- 
dom of movement too much restricted by 
the extreme narrowness of the stall on 
attempting to lie down, will not do so, and 
in this way he gets into the habit of 
23 
remaining in a standing position overnight 
instead of lying down. In such cases the 
evil can’ be remedied by placing the 
animal in a roomier stall or, better still, 
in a loose box if this is available. On find- 
ing itself in more roomy quarters where it 
has more freedom of movement, the horse‘ 
will readily lie down. 
When young horses are taken up into’ 
the stables and stood ina stall for the: 
first time, it not infrequently happens 
that they refuse to lie down for the first 
few nights, because, after enjcying com- 
plete liberty, they are unaccustomed to 
such cramped quarters and to having: 
their freedom of movement so much 
interfered with by being tied up by the 
head. This naturally makes them feel 
very awkward at first when attempting to 
lie down, and may render them altogether 
disinclined to do so. When a young 
‘horse thus at first refuses to lie down, it 
usually adapts itself to the new conditions 
sooner or later, and learns to lie down in 
its stall in the natural course of events, so 
that no anxiety need be felt when the 
animal refrains from lying down for the 
first few nights. fe 
Sometimes—though this happens but 
comparatively rarely—the habit of not 
lying down at night-time is acquired by 
a horse as the result of itshaving been 
cast in its stall, This awkward accident— 
particularly if the animal in question is 
of a nervous temperament—may frighten 
it so greatly and remain so impressed 
upon its memory—horses have a retentive 
memory, particularly for disagreeable 
things—that for the future it is afraid to 
attempt to lie down for fear of a similar 
accident befalling it. When a horse 
acquires this objectionable habit in the 
manner just described.it may be that 
under favourable conditions the animal 
willin the course of time forget about its 
aversion to lying down, and lose the trick 
Woche 
Richt. 
