May 1, 1909 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
makes her look hollow-backed. 
a very thin flat thigh, high arched flank, 
and a great development at the back of 
the udder, together with the well-placed 
teats. She is, if not a handsome Jersey 
from a breeding point of view, at least a 
very handsome type of dairy .cow. 
15,503:7 lb. of milk, with an average test 
of 55 per cent. of butter-fat, yielding - 
853-9 Ib. of bu‘ter-fat. This animal is 
owned by Mr. A. O. Auten, Illinois, and 
is the champion Jersey cow of the 
world. 
The Ayrshire cow, Rena Ross, while 
not equalling the others in the amount of 
butter-fat she has yielded, has still put up 
a record to be envied by all breeders. She 
gavo 15,072 lb, of milk, with an average 
test of 4-26 per cent. of butter fat, or a 
total of 643°2 lb, of butter fat. She is 
owned by Mr. John R. Valentine, Penn- 
Sylvania, and is the champion Ayrshire 
cow of the world. This animal is of a 
very vigorous, virile character, repre- 
senting the old rather than the modern 
type of Ayrshire. Her horns are of the 
Shape of the Ayrshire of fifty years ago 
rather than that of the animal we see to- 
day in our show rings. She appears to 
be of an extremely active temperament, 
and is no doubt a very highly-strung 
animal. She evidences, like all the other 
champions, a great consitution, without 
which, of course, it would be impossible 
for a cow to consume and digest sufficient 
food to enable her to put up arecord any- 
thing like that stated. The head and 
neck are well placed and shapely but 
Strong; the barrel is deop; the flank wel 
arched; the thigh flat and incurving; the 
tail is set on high, but its length is either 
deficient or its brush has been cut. 
Thave no doubt the dey will come 
when our breeders and dairy-farmers will © 
attempt to do something in the way of 
Advanced dairy records over a lengthened 
Period; but, before we can approagh any- 
thing like the results given, we must 
devote considerably more attention to 
What is known as hand-feeding, for even 
Uring the summer months, when grass is 
bundant, cows will give an improved 
Yield by the addition of more concentrated 
°ods which help to stimulate them to a 
igher capacity. 
—‘ Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W.’ 
_emmarcenea poet SNCS ORI TUS 
' One thing the dairyman should study 
‘8 to raiso all his feed; for he cannot 
Make money out of feed at famine prices. 
She has — 
Her.. 
record is for ten months in 1908, and wa® 
Modern Dairying Methods. 
Recent reports to the effects that syn- 
dicate schemes are in course of develop: 
ment for the carrying on of extensive 
ranching operations in Northern and 
North-Western Australia direct pointed 
attention to the fact that the vast 
territories of Queenslaud, South Australia 
and of the western state have been but 
partly exploited so far as cattle raising is 
concerned. There appears to be much 
reason to think that many districts 
bordering upon. if not actually within, the 
sub. tropical regions of the Commonwealth 
may haye butter and cheese yielding 
potentialities hitherto little dreamt of in 
the south; and seeing that the Northern 
Territory and the adequate settlement of 
the region, for defence as well as for 
commercial and developmental reasons, is 
now under consideration by federal 
politicians, it is not inappropriate to 
suggest dairying as a likely means by | 
which at least a portion of this ‘no man’s 
land’ can be put to practical account. In 
Queensland, the wonder-working im- 
proved machinery, scientific plant, and 
cold-storage processes have made dairying 
possible in districts that were at one time 
supposed to be far too hot for the pursuit 
of this industry. 
If modern method and equipment in 
dairying can do so much in the state 
mentioned, where conditions akin to 
tropical prevail over a considerable area, 
why should latter-day science not make it 
possible to convert millions of acres 
arouund our northern and north-west 
coast into prosperous dairying country? 
Science as applied to the cooling of cham- 
bers has made dairying possible in many 
southern districts, where at one time the 
making of sound commercial butter was a 
practical impossibility; and science 
similarly applied has conquered the hotter 
parts of Queensland. Seeing therefore 
that climate has been largely subjugated 
by advanced appliances, there is no valid 
reason why areas even further north 
should not also be mastered in like man- 
ner. Nature is bountiful in the far 
north, for grasses there are more abundant 
and nutritive than those found elsewhere. 
Natural waters also abound. Cattle 
thrive and fatten with astonishing 
rapidity; and with so much already per- 
formed by nature in connection with the 
live-stock industry, it would appear that 
a long step has already been taken in the 
direction here indicated, The foregoing, © 
however, is basely largely upon surmise, 
35 
albeit the basis so far as it carries us is a. 
sound one What requires to be done in 
connection with this matter is to make 
expert inquiries on the subject, and such 
might well be by the federal authorities,. 
while dealing with the Territory in a 
general way, prior to finally deciding up- 
on some practical plan for settling the 
locality, 
— Australasian.’ 
News and Notes. 
Even the best cows vary from year to. 
year in their butter-fat production. 
* * * * * * 
The purchase of bran at the present 
time absorbs most of the profit from the- 
_ cow. 
* * * * * * 
Manipulation of the udder is absolutely 
necessary in some instances before all the: 
milk can be drawn by the machine. 
4 * * * * * 
Heifers in their first lactation appa- 
rently give better results by machine 
milking than do aged cows that have 
been accustomed to hand milking for one 
or more years. 
* * * * * * 
Now that it has been shown that. 
testing and weighing, which everyone can. 
do, is absolutely the only true test of the: 
cow's value, it should be a simple matter 
to raise the dairy output. 
* * * * * * 
Avoid lond talking while milking, 
Anything which attracts the attention of 
the cow from the operation of milking 
affects the secretion, and this secretion 
goes on during the drawing of the milk. 
Ko * * * * x 
The dairy farmer must breed only from 
the best cows, and must take care to 
mate his cows with a bull of equally good 
quality, because it is certain that the 
qualities of the father, as well as the 
mother, are passed on to their offspring. 
* * ao * * * 
The efficacy of boric acid as a remedy 
for sore and otherwise damaged teats. 
seems to have been the result of a chance 
discovery. The use of a boric acid solu- 
tion as a wash for milkers’ hands before. 
milking resulted in the disappearance of 
all soreness, chaps, &c., from the teats, 
and thus established the value of this. 
simple remedy for the dual purpose of an 
antiseptic and anti-irritant dressing. 
