re 
May, 1910. THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. as 
W. GILL, Wagon loaded with Piles cut from Tasmanian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus [Puoto 
globulus), grown in 22 years in Bundaleer Forest Plantations. 
Spraying. 
W. J. Allen and J. R.G Bryant, 
This operation is now looked upon by 
all progressive fruitgrowers as work which 
must of necessity bo carried out, as they 
realise that a tree covered with scales and 
other pests can no more yield fruit which 
commands the attention of buyers than 
an orchard where the cultivation, pruning, 
and manuring are left to nature’s sweet 
will. There are still, however, a number 
of growers who have not realised the 
importance of thisfeature of work anda 
certain percentage of fruits is lost 
annually, much of which, by the timely 
application of a spray, could, no doubt, 
have been sayed. It must be distinctly 
‘understood that in ninety-nine out of a 
hundred orchards spraying is absolutely 
essentail. Diseases may not occur every 
year; but experience haye shown that 
they recurr freqnently, and in years of 
serious epidimics the profits from spraying 
are so great, that the grower can afford to 
spray regularly as an insurance against 
loss. The following are four operations 
upon which all permanent success in 
fruit culture largely depend, viz, culti- 
vation, manuring, pruning, and spraying. 
Spraying is last, but not the least 
important. 
In the treatment of pests and diseases 
the principal point is what remedy to use. 
Then comes the point of applying it. 
The orchardist must indentify the cause 
of his trouble, because as a rule insecticides 
are of no use against lungous diseases and 
vice versa, There can be no doubt 
whatever in the mind of up-to-date 
orchardists that the annual winter dressing 
of lne— Sulphur, or Bordeanx mixture 
is of a very greaf benefit to the’ trees 
Most growers know (forseeing is believing) 
a great loss is caused by injurious insects 
and fungus direases ; but only a few 
realise as yet tbat is loss is really a benefit 
to every up-to-date grower, For as it is 
known that this loss can be prevented by 
intelligent effort, it is only the won’t-be- 
convinced, none- thinking orchardiat who’ 
will not put spraying into practice: This 
gives the energetic and progressive man 
an immense advantage. The demand 
for inferior fruit does not pay expenses, 
because it has no chance of sale alongside 
the choice fruit. However, the~ work 
must be done intelligently, or the time 
and labour is wasted. Thorough intelli- 
gent spraying means the use of a good 
Spray pump and outfit, and above all, 
a knowledge of the enemies to be treated ° : 
and of the remedies found to be most 
effective, their preparation, and the. preper 
time for the application, Prevention of 
fungus diseases is possible ; but their 
cure is hardly practicable, When failute. 
Occurs, it may generally be attributed to 
the lateness of the application, Spray in 
time, and study the subject fully. Spray- 
