22, THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
W. Git]. 
Case Mill, Wirrabarra Forest, with Stack of over One Thousand 
December 1, 1909 
Apple Export Cases (Remarkable Pine) ready for Delivery. 
poem NRA NE AL NSLS SEE A RNG NSAI ERB TT ERE ARENT PE LE LET I 
NOTES ON EUROPEAN 
NURSERIES. 
After an absonce of two months from 
the United States. which was spent ina 
business and observation tour of all the 
prominent nursery centres in England, 
Scotland, France, Belgium, and Holland> 
Mr. R. T. Brown, manager of the Cottage 
Gardens Co., Queens, L. I., returned to 
these shores on Wednesday, September 
15, per 8. S. Majestic of the White Star 
Line, which made one of her swiftest 
trips in recent years. 
In, speaking of his observations abrcad, 
Mr. Brown states that tle uniformly best 
kept-up nurseries he noticed were those 
at Boskoop Ho'land, but few of the foreign 
establishments are conducted on as large 
a scale as are to be found here. In this 
nursery centre no striking features were 
noted, beyond the fact that all the growers 
are restricted as to area, and that in re- 
latively very small acreages of ground a 
suprisingly large amount of stock is grown 
for exportation. Nurseries at Boskoop 
are about all alike and grow about tho 
some stocks; after you have seen one you 
have practically seen all. The principie 
stock grown is hybrid Rhododendrons for 
the American market; Cstawbiense varie- 
ties, Parsons’ hybrids, and that class, also 
conifers in large quantities. The large 
flowering Clematis seen growing here was 
worth notice, it was in full flower and in 
all verieties, the pines are supported on 
large cane stakes, from 6 to 7 ft height, 
and make a very charming appearance. 
At Oudenbosch, Holland, another nur- 
sery centre, the growers have higher 
ground than at Boskoop, therefore no 
canals. The soil here seems to be especi- 
ally adapted for the growing of deciduous 
stock. 
Speaking generally, Mr.Brown said that 
it appeared to him as if the nurseries on 
the other side were taking more interest 
and care than ever in growing deciduous 
trees, The general rule now is for the 
first two or three years to use a stako to 
every tree. This system will result in assu- 
ring a large guantity of straight trunks. 
The trouble heretofore has been that after 
importation and growing on, many trees 
are unfit for sale owing to their develop- 
ing a crooked stem. The growers noW 
use a cane stake, substitutiag for this @ 
heavier one when it is called for, This 
extra work adds somewhat to the cost of 
the stock, put it is well worth paying eve 
25 per cent. more in order to secure abso~ 
luiely salable goods 
At Ondenbosch, and in his travels all 
over Continent and Great Britain, 
a scarcity was noticed in a number of 
varieties of Lest trees in import sizes. 
In Belgium it was noticed that stock 
handled by the nurserymen for planting 
out was much yonnger than with ué, 
planters of home grounds and estates 
being apparently satisfied to wait on the 
